Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/karil

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *karilaz.

Noun

*karil m

(feudalism) free peasant, churl

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*karil
Genitive	*karilas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*karil	karilō, karilōs
Accusative	*karil	*karilā
Genitive	*karilas	*karilō
Dative	*karilē	*karilum
Instrumental	*karilu	*karilum

Alternative reconstructions

*karul, *karl

Descendants

Old English: ċeorl, ċiorl
- Middle English: cherl, cheorl, churl
  - English: churl
  - Scots: churl
  - Yola: chourle
Old Frisian: tzerl, tzirl
- North Frisian: keerl
- West Frisian: tsjirl, tsjerl
Old Saxon: *keril
- Middle Low German: kerl, kerle
  - Dutch Low Saxon: (Gronings, Achterhoeks) keerl, (Twents, Achterhoeks) kearl
  - German Low German: Kerel, Keerl
  - Westphalian:
    Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Kǟrl
    
    Suerländer-Märkisch: Kærl, Kæl, Kêrl
    
    Westmünsterländisch: Käärl, Kerl, Kiärl
  - → German: Kerl
  - → Saterland Frisian: Käärel
Old Dutch: *keril, *karal, karl
- Middle Dutch: carel, caerl, kerl, kerel
  - Dutch: kerel
    - Afrikaans: kêrel
    - Jersey Dutch: kääd'l
    - → Saterland Frisian: kerel, kërel, kërdel^[1]
    - → West Frisian: keardel, kearel
- Limburgish: kaerel
Old High German: *keril, karal, karl
- Middle High German: karl, karle, kërl, kërle
  - → Old Polish: karzeł
    - Polish: karzeł
- ⇒ Old High German: Karl (given name)
  - German: Karl, Carl
    - → English: Karl, Carl (see there for further descendants)
  - → Latin: Carolus (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-Slavic: *korľь (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Wörterbuch der Ostfriesischen Sprache. ten Doornkaat Koolman, J., Volume 2. 1879. 199th page.

[WOS-1] Wörterbuch der Ostfriesischen Sprache. ten Doornkaat Koolman, J., Volume 2. 1879. 199th page.

[1]

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/karil

Contents