Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krīgan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *krīganą, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷrih₂-gʰo-, a suffixed extended form of *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”), see also Latin gravis, Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Sanskrit गुरु (gurú).^[1]^[2]

Verb

*krīgan

to strive, struggle

Inflection

Strong class 1
Infinitive	*krīgan
1st sg. past	*kraig
3rd pl. past	*krigun
Past ptcple	*krigan
Infinitive	*krīgan
Genitive infin.	*krīgannjas
Dative infin.	*krīgannjē
Instrum. infin.	*krīgannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*krīgu	*kraig
2nd singular	*krīgiʀi	*krigī
3rd singular	*krīgidi	*kraig
1st plural	*krīgum	*krigum
2nd plural	*krīgid	*krigud
3rd plural	*krīgand	*krigun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*krīgē	*krigī
2nd singular	*krīgēs	*krigī
3rd singular	*krīgē	*krigī
1st plural	*krīgēm	*krigīm
2nd plural	*krīgēþ	*krigīd
3rd plural	*krīgēn	*krigīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*krīg
Plural	*krīgid
	Present	Past
Participle	*krīgandī	*krigan

Derived terms

*krīg (possibly)

Descendants

Old Frisian: krīga, krīa; (krīgia)
- Saterland Frisian: kriege
- West Frisian: krije
Old Saxon: *krīgan
- Middle Low German: krîgen
  - German Low German: kriegen
Old Dutch: *crīgan
- Middle Dutch: crigen
  - Dutch: krijgen
    - Afrikaans: kry
  - Limburgish: kriege
Old High German: *krīgan; *krīgēn
- Middle High German: krīgen (northern); kriegen (?)
  - Central Franconian: krijje
  - German: kriegen (?)
  - Yiddish: קריגן (krign)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “krigan”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 304-305
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gʷer-2, gʷerǝ-, gʷerǝu-, gʷerī-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 476-77

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “krigan”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 304-305

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gʷer-2, gʷerǝ-, gʷerǝu-, gʷerī-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 476-77

[1]

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