Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/taru

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *tarwō, from Proto-Indo-European *dér(H)-uh₂ ~ *dr̥(H)-wéh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *der(H)- (“to tear, crack”).^[1]^[2] Cognate with Lithuanian dirvà (“field”), Russian дере́вня (derévnja, “village, thorp”), Ancient Greek δάρατος (dáratos, “bread”), Sanskrit दूर्वा (dū́rvā, “panic grass, millet”), Welsh drewg (“darnel”).

Noun

*taru f

wheat
Synonym: *hwaitī
tare

Inflection

wō-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*taru
Genitive	*tarwā
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*taru	*tarwō
Accusative	*tarwā	*tarwā
Genitive	*tarwā	*tarwō
Dative	*tarwē	tarwōm, tarum
Instrumental	*taru	tarwōm, tarum

Descendants

Old English: *taru
- Middle English: tare (or possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch or Low German^[3])
  - English: tare
  - Scots: tare, tere, teer
Old Saxon: *tarwa
- Middle Low German: tarwe, terwe
  - German Low German:
    Bentheimisch, Westmünsterländisch: Tarwe
Old Dutch: *tarwa
- Middle Dutch: tarwe, taerwe, teerwe
  - Dutch: tarwe, terwe, terve, terf (dialectal)
    - ⇒ Dutch: tarwemeel
    - Afrikaans: tarwe
- ⇒ Old Dutch: Tarwedic (toponym)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*terwōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514
^ Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “tarwe”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎ (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press: “pgm. *tarwō-”
^ “tā̆r(e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*terwōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514

[2] Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “tarwe”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎ (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press: “pgm. *tarwō-”

[3] “tā̆r(e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

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