Wiktionary:Manchu transliteration

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There are several systems for transliteration of the Manchu alphabet. These include the Möllendorff transliteration system invented by German linguist Paul Georg von Möllendorff, Abkai transliteration, the transliteration used in A Comprehensive Manchu-Chinese Dictionary (CMCD). There is also a system of Cyrillization invented by Russian diplomat Ivan Zakharov, using the pre-reform Russian alphabet. The following table shows the differences between three major transliteration systems for the Manchu alphabet.

Manchu transliterations

Sound (IPA) Möllendorff Abkai CMCD Manchu and Unicode Notes
a a a ᠠ 1820
e e e ᡝ 185D
i i i ᡳ 1873
y yʻ y ᡟ 185F only used in loanwords
o o o ᠣ 1823
u u u ᡠ 1860
ū v uu ᡡ 1861
n n n ᠨ 1828
ng ng ng ᠩ 1829
& k k k ᡴ 1874
& g g g ᡤ 1864
& h h h ᡥ 1865
b b b ᠪ 182A
p p p ᡦ 1866
; before s s s ᠰ 1830
; before š x sh ᡧ 1867
t t t ᡨ 1868
d d d ᡩ 1869
l l l ᠯ 182F
m m m ᠮ 182E
; before c q ch ᠴ 1834
; before j j zh ᠵ 1835
y y y ᠶ 1836
r r r ᡵ 1875
f f f ᡶ 1876
w w w ᠸ 1838
k῾ kʻ kk ᠺ 183A only used in loanwords
g῾ gʻ gg ᡬ 186C only used in loanwords
h῾ hʻ hh ᡭ 186D only used in loanwords
ts῾ c c ᡮ 186E only used in loanwords
ts cyʻ cy ᡮᡟ 186E 185F only used in loanwords
dz z z ᡯ 186F only used in loanwords
ž rʻ rr ᡰ 1870 only used in loanwords
sy syʻ sy ᠰᡟ 1830 185F only used in loanwords
c῾ q ch ᡱ 1871 only used in loanwords
c῾y qyʻ chy ᡱᡳ 1871 1873 only used in loanwords
j zh zh ᡷ 1877 only used in loanwords
jy jyʻ zhy ᡷᡳ 1877 1873 only used in loanwords

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Excluding ᡱᡳ and ᡷᡳ
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Excluding ᡮᡟ
  3. ^ Separate s and h are written as s'h to avoid confusion with sh

See also

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia