apstal

Irish

Noun

apstal m (genitive singular apstail, nominative plural apstail)

alternative form of aspal (“apostle”)

Declension

Declension of apstal (first declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	apstal	apstail
vocative	a apstail	a apstala
genitive	apstail	apstal
dative	apstal	apstail

forms with the definite article
	singular	plural
nominative	an t-apstal	na hapstail
genitive	an apstail	na n-apstal
dative	leis an apstal don apstal	leis na hapstail

Mutation

Mutated forms of *apstal*
radical	eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
apstal	n-apstal	hapstal	t-apstal

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “apstal”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Alternative forms

abstal, apstol, axal

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “one sent forth, apostle”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈabstal/

Noun

apstal m

(Christianity) apostle
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 18^d14
  Ní airegdu a persan-som ol·daas persan na n‑abstal olchene, ceto thoísegu i n‑iriss.
  Their persons are not more eminent than the persons of the rest of the apostles, though they are prior in faith.
  (literally, “Their person is not … than the person of …”)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 20^c21
  Is dó da·gníat: maith leu indocbál apstal doib et ní fodmat ingreimm ar chroich Críst.
  It is for this they do it: they like to have the glory of apostles, and they do not endure persecution for the cross of Christ.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 38^c3
  Ní hé apstal cita·rogab in testimin so. Aliter: Ní fou da·uc int apstal fon chéill fuand·rogab in fáith.
  It is not (the) apostle who first uttered this text. Otherwise: The apostle did not apply it in the sense in which the prophet uttered it.

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	apstal, apstol	apstal^L, apstol	apstail^L, apstil
vocative	apstail, apstil	apstal^L, apstol	apstalu^H
accusative	apstal^N, apstol	apstal^L, apstol	apstalu^H
genitive	apstail^L, apstil	apstal, apstol	apstal^N, apstol
dative	apstul^L	apstalaib	apstalaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

Descendants

Irish: aspal
Manx: ostyl
Scottish Gaelic: abstol, ostal

Mutation

Mutation of *apstal*
radical	lenition	nasalization
apstal (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-apstal

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

apstal

Irish

Noun

Declension

Mutation

References

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

Mutation

Further reading

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia