apstāklis

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Latvian

Etymology

Calque of German Umstand, coined by Atis Kronvalds in 1872 from ap- +‎ the stem of the verb stāt (to stop, to stand) (q.v.) +‎ -klis (cf. also apstāt (to encircle, to surround)). The term būšana (being; situation) had been previously used in this sense.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

apstāklis m (2nd declension)

  1. circumstance (phenomenon that exists alongside others and is connected to them)
    svarīgi apstākļiimportant circumstances
    attaisnojoši apstākļiattenuating, exculpating circumstances
    noskaidrot dažus apstākļusto clarify some circumstances
    sastādot skolēna dienas režīmu, jāievēro daudzi apstākļi: skolēna vecums un klase, cik tālu skola,...(when) determining a schoolchild's daily regime, it is necessary to consider many circumstances: the schoolchild's age and class, how far the school is,...
  2. (usually in the plural) conditions, circumstances, factors (phenomena that affect a given process or the existence of something)
    dabas, meteoroloģiskie apstākļinatural, meteorological conditions
    vēsturiskie, sociālie apstākļihistorical, social conditions
    vietējie apstākļilocal conditions
    ārkārtēji, labveilīgi apstākļiextraordinary, favorable circumstances
    apstākļu maiņachange of circumstances
    uzlabot darba apstākļosto improve working conditions
    pārbaudīt sanitāros apstākļosto check the sanitary conditions
    ārstēties mājas apstākļosto receive treatment at home (lit. in home conditions)
    zināmos apstākļos audzēju vīrusi var izraisīt arī citas slimībasunder certain circumstances the tumor viruses can cause also other diseases
    meža apstākļos ābeles ir vai nu lieli krūmi, vai 18-20m augsti kokiunder forest conditions apple trees are either large shrubs or 18-20m tall trees
  3. material, living conditions
    labi apstākļigood (living) conditions
    materiālie apstākļi atļāva normāli dzīvotthe material conditions allowed normal life
  4. (grammar, linguistics) circumstance, (adverbial) complement, adverbial
    vietas apstāklis(adverbial) complement of place
    lauka apstāklis(adverbial) complement of time
    veida apstākļa palīgteikumsadverbial clause of manner
    apstākļa vārdsadverb (lit. circumstance word)

Declension

References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “apstāklis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN