aredig

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Welsh

benywod yn aredig

Alternative forms

Etymology

Finite forms built on the stem ardd- are from Proto-Brythonic *ėrðɨd, from Proto-Celtic *aryeti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti. The verbal noun is from Middle Welsh eredic (with analogically restored a in the first syllable), from Proto-Brythonic *ėrėdig, from Proto-Celtic *aratīkos, from the root of *aryeti (to plow), from *h₂erh₃-.

Pronunciation

Verb

aredig (first-person singular present arddaf or aredaf)

  1. to plow

Conjugation

Finite forms built on the stem ardd- (most common forms):

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future arddaf erddi ardd arddwn erddwch arddant erddir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional
arddwn arddit arddai arddem arddech arddent erddid
preterite erddais erddaist arddodd arddasom arddasoch arddasant arddwyd
pluperfect arddaswn arddasit arddasai arddasem arddasech arddasent arddasid, arddesid
present subjunctive arddwyf erddych arddo arddom arddoch arddont ardder
imperative ardd ardded arddwn erddwch arddent ardder
verbal noun aredig
verbal adjectives arddedig
arddadwy

Finite forms built on the stem ared- (rare):

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future aredaf aredi ared, areda aredwn aredwch aredant aredir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional
aredwn aredit aredai aredem aredech aredent aredid
preterite aredais aredaist aredodd aredasom aredasoch aredasant aredwyd
pluperfect aredaswn aredasit aredasai aredasem aredasech aredasent aredasid, aredesid
present subjunctive aredwyf aredych aredo aredom aredoch aredont areder
imperative ared, areda areded aredwn aredwch aredent areder
verbal noun aredig
verbal adjectives arededig
aredadwy

Mutation

Mutated forms of aredig
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
aredig unchanged unchanged haredig

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “arddaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies