From Middle French clore, from Old French clore, from Latin claudere. Now largely replaced by fermer because of interference with clouer (“to nail”) in certain conjugated forms.
clore (defective)
This verb is not conjugated in certain tenses.
| infinitive | simple | clore | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | closant /klo.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | clos /klo/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | clos /klo/ |
clos /klo/ |
clôt /klo/ |
closons /klo.zɔ̃/ |
closez /klo.ze/ |
closent /kloz/ |
| imperfect | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| past historic2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| future | clorai /klɔ.ʁe/ |
cloras /klɔ.ʁa/ |
clora /klɔ.ʁa/ |
clorons /klɔ.ʁɔ̃/ |
clorez /klɔ.ʁe/ |
cloront /klɔ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | clorais /klɔ.ʁɛ/ |
clorais /klɔ.ʁɛ/ |
clorait /klɔ.ʁɛ/ |
clorions /klɔ.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cloriez /klɔ.ʁje/ |
cloraient /klɔ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | close /kloz/ |
closes /kloz/ |
close /kloz/ |
closions /klo.zjɔ̃/ |
closiez /klo.zje/ |
closent /kloz/ |
| imperfect2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | clos /klo/ |
— | closons /klo.zɔ̃/ |
closez /klo.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
From Old French clore.
clore
Inherited from Latin claudere.
clore
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | clore | avoir clos | |||||
| gerund | en cloant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | cloant | ||||||
| past participle | clos | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | clo | cloz | clot | cloons | cloez | cloent |
| imperfect | clooie, cloeie | clooies, cloeies | clooit, cloeit | cloïiens, cloïens | cloïiez, cloïez | clooient, cloeient | |
| preterite | clos | cloṣis | clost | cloṣimes | cloṣistes | closdrent | |
| future | clorai, clorrai | cloras, clorras | clora, clorra | clorons, clorrons | cloroiz, cloreiz, clorez, clorroiz, clorreiz, clorrez | cloront, clorront | |
| conditional | cloroie, cloreie, clorroie, clorreie | cloroies, cloreies, clorroies, clorreies | cloroit, cloreit, clorroit, clorreit | cloriiens, cloriens, clorriiens, clorriens | cloriiez, cloriez, clorriiez, clorriez | cloroient, cloreient, clorroient, clorreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | cloe | cloes | cloe | cloons | cloez | cloent |
| imperfect | cloṣisse | cloṣisses | cloṣist | cloṣissons, cloṣissiens | cloṣissoiz, cloṣissez, cloṣissiez | cloṣissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | clo | — | cloons | cloez | — | ||
clore
clore