esprouver

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Middle French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French esprover, from Latin probāre.

Verb

esprouver

  1. to verify; to check
  2. to prove
  3. (reflexive or intransitive) to prove oneself, as in, to be brave, noble, etc.
    • 1383-86, Froissart, Chroniques
      li Englés s'i esprouvoient trop vaillamment
      the English proved themselves to be valiant

Conjugation

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of esprouver
infinitive simple esprouver
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple esprouvant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle esprouvé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present esprouve esprouves esprouve esprouvons esprouvez esprouvent
imperfect esprouvois, esprouvoys esprouvois, esprouvoys esprouvoit, esprouvoyt esprouvions, esprouvyons esprouviez, esprouvyez esprouvoient, esprouvoyent
past historic esprouva esprouvas esprouva esprouvasmes esprouvastes esprouverent
future esprouverai, esprouveray esprouveras esprouvera esprouverons esprouverez esprouveront
conditional esprouverois, esprouveroys esprouverois, esprouveroys esprouveroit, esprouveroyt esprouverions, esprouveryons esprouveriez, esprouveryez esprouveroient, esprouveroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present esprouve esprouves esprouve esprouvons esprouvez esprouvent
imperfect esprouvasse esprouvasses esprouvast esprouvassions esprouvassiez esprouvassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — esprouve — esprouvons esprouvez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

  • French: éprouver

References

  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (esprover)
  • esprouver on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
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