karaíb

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Old Tupi

Alternative forms

karaí

Etymology

Back-formation from karaíba.

Adjective

karaíb (noun form karaíba)

(Christianity, Late Tupi) holy; sacred
- 1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter III, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Primeiro da Doctrina Christam (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 24:
  M. marãgatupeacerecou Tupã oc-îpe oiquiabo?
  D. Oye î piî igcaraiba pupè.
  [Mestre: Marangatupe asé rekóû tupãokype oîkŷabo?
  Discípulo: Oîeypyî 'ykaraíba pupé.]
  Master: How do the people behave entering the church?
  Disciple: They sprinkle themselves with holy water.

Declension

Declension of karaíb (consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi adjectives)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Deadjectivals
Causative	mongaraíb
-ba'e	i karaiba'e / i karaibyba'e
-sab(a)	karaipaba
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person exclusive	1^st person inclusive	2^nd person
Adjectival forms
Active
Indicative	xe karaíb	nde karaíb	i karaíb	oré karaíb	îandé karaíb	pe karaíb
Imperative		nde karaíb				pe karaíb
Permissive	ta xe karaíb	ta nde karaíb	t'i karaíb	t'oré karaíb	t'îandé karaíb	ta pe karaíb
Negative indicative	na xe karaíbi	na nde karaíbi	n'i karaíbi	n'oré karaíbi	n'îandé karaíbi	na pe karaíbi
Negative imperative		nde karaíb umẽ				pe karaíb umẽ
Negative permissive	ta xe karaíb umẽ	ta nde karaíb umẽ	t'i karaíb umẽ	t'oré karaíb umẽ	t'îandé karaíb umẽ	ta pe karaíb umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative	xe karaíbamo	nde karaíbamo	o karaíbamo	oré karaíbamo	îandé karaíbamo	pe karaíbamo
Negative	xe karaibe'ymamo	nde karaibe'ymamo	o karaibe'ymamo	oré karaibe'ymamo	îandé karaibe'ymamo	pe karaibe'ymamo
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	karaíba
Negative	karaibe'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	same as gerund¹
Affirmative	xe karaíbi²		i karaíbi²	oré karaíbi²	îandé karaíbi²
Negative	same as gerund¹
Negative	xe karaibe'ymi²		i karaibe'ymi²	oré karaibe'ymi²	îandé karaibe'ymi²
¹South Tupi ²North Tupi

Derived terms

References

Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “karaíba”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 219, column 2

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