Tone unknown
|
Infinitive
|
ukukhangela
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukukhangela
|
ukungakhangeli
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
khangela
|
-khangele
|
Plural
|
khangelani
|
-khangeleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyakhangela, ngikhangela
|
engikhangelayo, engikhangela
|
ngikhangela
|
angikhangeli
|
engingakhangeli
|
ngingakhangeli
|
2nd singular
|
uyakhangela, ukhangela
|
okhangelayo, okhangela
|
ukhangela
|
awukhangeli
|
ongakhangeli
|
ungakhangeli
|
1st plural
|
siyakhangela, sikhangela
|
esikhangelayo, esikhangela
|
sikhangela
|
asikhangeli
|
esingakhangeli
|
singakhangeli
|
2nd plural
|
niyakhangela, nikhangela
|
enikhangelayo, enikhangela
|
nikhangela
|
anikhangeli
|
eningakhangeli
|
ningakhangeli
|
Class 1
|
uyakhangela, ukhangela
|
okhangelayo, okhangela
|
ekhangela
|
akakhangeli
|
ongakhangeli
|
engakhangeli
|
Class 2
|
bayakhangela, bakhangela
|
abakhangelayo, abakhangela
|
bekhangela
|
abakhangeli
|
abangakhangeli
|
bengakhangeli
|
Class 3
|
uyakhangela, ukhangela
|
okhangelayo, okhangela
|
ukhangela
|
awukhangeli
|
ongakhangeli
|
ungakhangeli
|
Class 4
|
iyakhangela, ikhangela
|
ekhangelayo, ekhangela
|
ikhangela
|
ayikhangeli
|
engakhangeli
|
ingakhangeli
|
Class 5
|
liyakhangela, likhangela
|
elikhangelayo, elikhangela
|
likhangela
|
alikhangeli
|
elingakhangeli
|
lingakhangeli
|
Class 6
|
ayakhangela, akhangela
|
akhangelayo, akhangela
|
ekhangela
|
awakhangeli
|
angakhangeli
|
engakhangeli
|
Class 7
|
siyakhangela, sikhangela
|
esikhangelayo, esikhangela
|
sikhangela
|
asikhangeli
|
esingakhangeli
|
singakhangeli
|
Class 8
|
ziyakhangela, zikhangela
|
ezikhangelayo, ezikhangela
|
zikhangela
|
azikhangeli
|
ezingakhangeli
|
zingakhangeli
|
Class 9
|
iyakhangela, ikhangela
|
ekhangelayo, ekhangela
|
ikhangela
|
ayikhangeli
|
engakhangeli
|
ingakhangeli
|
Class 10
|
ziyakhangela, zikhangela
|
ezikhangelayo, ezikhangela
|
zikhangela
|
azikhangeli
|
ezingakhangeli
|
zingakhangeli
|
Class 11
|
luyakhangela, lukhangela
|
olukhangelayo, olukhangela
|
lukhangela
|
alukhangeli
|
olungakhangeli
|
lungakhangeli
|
Class 14
|
buyakhangela, bukhangela
|
obukhangelayo, obukhangela
|
bukhangela
|
abukhangeli
|
obungakhangeli
|
bungakhangeli
|
Class 15
|
kuyakhangela, kukhangela
|
okukhangelayo, okukhangela
|
kukhangela
|
akukhangeli
|
okungakhangeli
|
kungakhangeli
|
Class 17
|
kuyakhangela, kukhangela
|
okukhangelayo, okukhangela
|
kukhangela
|
akukhangeli
|
okungakhangeli
|
kungakhangeli
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngikhangelile, ngikhangelē
|
engikhangelile, engikhangelē
|
ngikhangelile, ngikhangelē
|
angikhangelanga
|
engingakhangelanga
|
ngingakhangelanga
|
2nd singular
|
ukhangelile, ukhangelē
|
okhangelile, okhangelē
|
ukhangelile, ukhangelē
|
awukhangelanga
|
ongakhangelanga
|
ungakhangelanga
|
1st plural
|
sikhangelile, sikhangelē
|
esikhangelile, esikhangelē
|
sikhangelile, sikhangelē
|
asikhangelanga
|
esingakhangelanga
|
singakhangelanga
|
2nd plural
|
nikhangelile, nikhangelē
|
enikhangelile, enikhangelē
|
nikhangelile, nikhangelē
|
anikhangelanga
|
eningakhangelanga
|
ningakhangelanga
|
Class 1
|
ukhangelile, ukhangelē
|
okhangelile, okhangelē
|
ekhangelile, ekhangelē
|
akakhangelanga
|
ongakhangelanga
|
engakhangelanga
|
Class 2
|
bakhangelile, bakhangelē
|
abakhangelile, abakhangelē
|
bekhangelile, bekhangelē
|
abakhangelanga
|
abangakhangelanga
|
bengakhangelanga
|
Class 3
|
ukhangelile, ukhangelē
|
okhangelile, okhangelē
|
ukhangelile, ukhangelē
|
awukhangelanga
|
ongakhangelanga
|
ungakhangelanga
|
Class 4
|
ikhangelile, ikhangelē
|
ekhangelile, ekhangelē
|
ikhangelile, ikhangelē
|
ayikhangelanga
|
engakhangelanga
|
ingakhangelanga
|
Class 5
|
likhangelile, likhangelē
|
elikhangelile, elikhangelē
|
likhangelile, likhangelē
|
alikhangelanga
|
elingakhangelanga
|
lingakhangelanga
|
Class 6
|
akhangelile, akhangelē
|
akhangelile, akhangelē
|
ekhangelile, ekhangelē
|
awakhangelanga
|
angakhangelanga
|
engakhangelanga
|
Class 7
|
sikhangelile, sikhangelē
|
esikhangelile, esikhangelē
|
sikhangelile, sikhangelē
|
asikhangelanga
|
esingakhangelanga
|
singakhangelanga
|
Class 8
|
zikhangelile, zikhangelē
|
ezikhangelile, ezikhangelē
|
zikhangelile, zikhangelē
|
azikhangelanga
|
ezingakhangelanga
|
zingakhangelanga
|
Class 9
|
ikhangelile, ikhangelē
|
ekhangelile, ekhangelē
|
ikhangelile, ikhangelē
|
ayikhangelanga
|
engakhangelanga
|
ingakhangelanga
|
Class 10
|
zikhangelile, zikhangelē
|
ezikhangelile, ezikhangelē
|
zikhangelile, zikhangelē
|
azikhangelanga
|
ezingakhangelanga
|
zingakhangelanga
|
Class 11
|
lukhangelile, lukhangelē
|
olukhangelile, olukhangelē
|
lukhangelile, lukhangelē
|
alukhangelanga
|
olungakhangelanga
|
lungakhangelanga
|
Class 14
|
bukhangelile, bukhangelē
|
obukhangelile, obukhangelē
|
bukhangelile, bukhangelē
|
abukhangelanga
|
obungakhangelanga
|
bungakhangelanga
|
Class 15
|
kukhangelile, kukhangelē
|
okukhangelile, okukhangelē
|
kukhangelile, kukhangelē
|
akukhangelanga
|
okungakhangelanga
|
kungakhangelanga
|
Class 17
|
kukhangelile, kukhangelē
|
okukhangelile, okukhangelē
|
kukhangelile, kukhangelē
|
akukhangelanga
|
okungakhangelanga
|
kungakhangelanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngākhangela
|
engākhangela
|
ngākhangela
|
angikhangelanga
|
engingakhangelanga
|
ngingakhangelanga
|
2nd singular
|
wākhangela
|
owākhangela
|
wākhangela
|
awukhangelanga
|
ongakhangelanga
|
ungakhangelanga
|
1st plural
|
sākhangela
|
esākhangela
|
sākhangela
|
asikhangelanga
|
esingakhangelanga
|
singakhangelanga
|
2nd plural
|
nākhangela
|
enākhangela
|
nākhangela
|
anikhangelanga
|
eningakhangelanga
|
ningakhangelanga
|
Class 1
|
wākhangela
|
owākhangela
|
ākhangela
|
akakhangelanga
|
ongakhangelanga
|
engakhangelanga
|
Class 2
|
bākhangela
|
abākhangela
|
bākhangela
|
abakhangelanga
|
abangakhangelanga
|
bengakhangelanga
|
Class 3
|
wākhangela
|
owākhangela
|
wākhangela
|
awukhangelanga
|
ongakhangelanga
|
ungakhangelanga
|
Class 4
|
yākhangela
|
eyākhangela
|
yākhangela
|
ayikhangelanga
|
engakhangelanga
|
ingakhangelanga
|
Class 5
|
lākhangela
|
elākhangela
|
lākhangela
|
alikhangelanga
|
elingakhangelanga
|
lingakhangelanga
|
Class 6
|
ākhangela
|
ākhangela
|
ākhangela
|
awakhangelanga
|
angakhangelanga
|
engakhangelanga
|
Class 7
|
sākhangela
|
esākhangela
|
sākhangela
|
asikhangelanga
|
esingakhangelanga
|
singakhangelanga
|
Class 8
|
zākhangela
|
ezākhangela
|
zākhangela
|
azikhangelanga
|
ezingakhangelanga
|
zingakhangelanga
|
Class 9
|
yākhangela
|
eyākhangela
|
yākhangela
|
ayikhangelanga
|
engakhangelanga
|
ingakhangelanga
|
Class 10
|
zākhangela
|
ezākhangela
|
zākhangela
|
azikhangelanga
|
ezingakhangelanga
|
zingakhangelanga
|
Class 11
|
lwākhangela
|
olwākhangela
|
lwākhangela
|
alukhangelanga
|
olungakhangelanga
|
lungakhangelanga
|
Class 14
|
bākhangela
|
obākhangela
|
bākhangela
|
abukhangelanga
|
obungakhangelanga
|
bungakhangelanga
|
Class 15
|
kwākhangela
|
okwākhangela
|
kwākhangela
|
akukhangelanga
|
okungakhangelanga
|
kungakhangelanga
|
Class 17
|
kwākhangela
|
okwākhangela
|
kwākhangela
|
akukhangelanga
|
okungakhangelanga
|
kungakhangelanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingakhangela
|
—
|
ngingakhangela
|
ngingekhangele
|
—
|
ngingekhangele
|
2nd singular
|
ungakhangela
|
—
|
ungakhangela
|
ungekhangele
|
—
|
ungekhangele
|
1st plural
|
singakhangela
|
—
|
singakhangela
|
singekhangele
|
—
|
singekhangele
|
2nd plural
|
ningakhangela
|
—
|
ningakhangela
|
ningekhangele
|
—
|
ningekhangele
|
Class 1
|
angakhangela
|
—
|
engakhangela
|
angekhangele
|
—
|
engekhangele
|
Class 2
|
bangakhangela
|
—
|
bengakhangela
|
bangekhangele
|
—
|
bengekhangele
|
Class 3
|
ungakhangela
|
—
|
ungakhangela
|
ungekhangele
|
—
|
ungekhangele
|
Class 4
|
ingakhangela
|
—
|
ingakhangela
|
ingekhangele
|
—
|
ingekhangele
|
Class 5
|
lingakhangela
|
—
|
lingakhangela
|
lingekhangele
|
—
|
lingekhangele
|
Class 6
|
angakhangela
|
—
|
engakhangela
|
angekhangele
|
—
|
engekhangele
|
Class 7
|
singakhangela
|
—
|
singakhangela
|
singekhangele
|
—
|
singekhangele
|
Class 8
|
zingakhangela
|
—
|
zingakhangela
|
zingekhangele
|
—
|
zingekhangele
|
Class 9
|
ingakhangela
|
—
|
ingakhangela
|
ingekhangele
|
—
|
ingekhangele
|
Class 10
|
zingakhangela
|
—
|
zingakhangela
|
zingekhangele
|
—
|
zingekhangele
|
Class 11
|
lungakhangela
|
—
|
lungakhangela
|
lungekhangele
|
—
|
lungekhangele
|
Class 14
|
bungakhangela
|
—
|
bungakhangela
|
bungekhangele
|
—
|
bungekhangele
|
Class 15
|
kungakhangela
|
—
|
kungakhangela
|
kungekhangele
|
—
|
kungekhangele
|
Class 17
|
kungakhangela
|
—
|
kungakhangela
|
kungekhangele
|
—
|
kungekhangele
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizokhangela
|
engizokhangela
|
ngizokhangela
|
angizukhangela
|
engingezukhangela
|
ngingezukhangela
|
2nd singular
|
uzokhangela
|
ozokhangela
|
uzokhangela
|
awuzukhangela
|
ongezukhangela
|
ungezukhangela
|
1st plural
|
sizokhangela
|
esizokhangela
|
sizokhangela
|
asizukhangela
|
esingezukhangela
|
singezukhangela
|
2nd plural
|
nizokhangela
|
enizokhangela
|
nizokhangela
|
anizukhangela
|
eningezukhangela
|
ningezukhangela
|
Class 1
|
uzokhangela
|
ozokhangela
|
ezokhangela
|
akazukhangela
|
ongezukhangela
|
engezukhangela
|
Class 2
|
bazokhangela
|
abazokhangela
|
bezokhangela
|
abazukhangela
|
abangezukhangela
|
bengezukhangela
|
Class 3
|
uzokhangela
|
ozokhangela
|
uzokhangela
|
awuzukhangela
|
ongezukhangela
|
ungezukhangela
|
Class 4
|
izokhangela
|
ezokhangela
|
izokhangela
|
ayizukhangela
|
engezukhangela
|
ingezukhangela
|
Class 5
|
lizokhangela
|
elizokhangela
|
lizokhangela
|
alizukhangela
|
elingezukhangela
|
lingezukhangela
|
Class 6
|
azokhangela
|
azokhangela
|
ezokhangela
|
awazukhangela
|
angezukhangela
|
engezukhangela
|
Class 7
|
sizokhangela
|
esizokhangela
|
sizokhangela
|
asizukhangela
|
esingezukhangela
|
singezukhangela
|
Class 8
|
zizokhangela
|
ezizokhangela
|
zizokhangela
|
azizukhangela
|
ezingezukhangela
|
zingezukhangela
|
Class 9
|
izokhangela
|
ezokhangela
|
izokhangela
|
ayizukhangela
|
engezukhangela
|
ingezukhangela
|
Class 10
|
zizokhangela
|
ezizokhangela
|
zizokhangela
|
azizukhangela
|
ezingezukhangela
|
zingezukhangela
|
Class 11
|
luzokhangela
|
oluzokhangela
|
luzokhangela
|
aluzukhangela
|
olungezukhangela
|
lungezukhangela
|
Class 14
|
buzokhangela
|
obuzokhangela
|
buzokhangela
|
abuzukhangela
|
obungezukhangela
|
bungezukhangela
|
Class 15
|
kuzokhangela
|
okuzokhangela
|
kuzokhangela
|
akuzukhangela
|
okungezukhangela
|
kungezukhangela
|
Class 17
|
kuzokhangela
|
okuzokhangela
|
kuzokhangela
|
akuzukhangela
|
okungezukhangela
|
kungezukhangela
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyokhangela
|
engiyokhangela
|
ngiyokhangela
|
angiyukhangela
|
engingeyukhangela
|
ngingeyukhangela
|
2nd singular
|
uyokhangela
|
oyokhangela
|
uyokhangela
|
awuyukhangela
|
ongeyukhangela
|
ungeyukhangela
|
1st plural
|
siyokhangela
|
esiyokhangela
|
siyokhangela
|
asiyukhangela
|
esingeyukhangela
|
singeyukhangela
|
2nd plural
|
niyokhangela
|
eniyokhangela
|
niyokhangela
|
aniyukhangela
|
eningeyukhangela
|
ningeyukhangela
|
Class 1
|
uyokhangela
|
oyokhangela
|
eyokhangela
|
akayukhangela
|
ongeyukhangela
|
engeyukhangela
|
Class 2
|
bayokhangela
|
abayokhangela
|
beyokhangela
|
abayukhangela
|
abangeyukhangela
|
bengeyukhangela
|
Class 3
|
uyokhangela
|
oyokhangela
|
uyokhangela
|
awuyukhangela
|
ongeyukhangela
|
ungeyukhangela
|
Class 4
|
iyokhangela
|
eyokhangela
|
iyokhangela
|
ayiyukhangela
|
engeyukhangela
|
ingeyukhangela
|
Class 5
|
liyokhangela
|
eliyokhangela
|
liyokhangela
|
aliyukhangela
|
elingeyukhangela
|
lingeyukhangela
|
Class 6
|
ayokhangela
|
ayokhangela
|
eyokhangela
|
awayukhangela
|
angeyukhangela
|
engeyukhangela
|
Class 7
|
siyokhangela
|
esiyokhangela
|
siyokhangela
|
asiyukhangela
|
esingeyukhangela
|
singeyukhangela
|
Class 8
|
ziyokhangela
|
eziyokhangela
|
ziyokhangela
|
aziyukhangela
|
ezingeyukhangela
|
zingeyukhangela
|
Class 9
|
iyokhangela
|
eyokhangela
|
iyokhangela
|
ayiyukhangela
|
engeyukhangela
|
ingeyukhangela
|
Class 10
|
ziyokhangela
|
eziyokhangela
|
ziyokhangela
|
aziyukhangela
|
ezingeyukhangela
|
zingeyukhangela
|
Class 11
|
luyokhangela
|
oluyokhangela
|
luyokhangela
|
aluyukhangela
|
olungeyukhangela
|
lungeyukhangela
|
Class 14
|
buyokhangela
|
obuyokhangela
|
buyokhangela
|
abuyukhangela
|
obungeyukhangela
|
bungeyukhangela
|
Class 15
|
kuyokhangela
|
okuyokhangela
|
kuyokhangela
|
akuyukhangela
|
okungeyukhangela
|
kungeyukhangela
|
Class 17
|
kuyokhangela
|
okuyokhangela
|
kuyokhangela
|
akuyukhangela
|
okungeyukhangela
|
kungeyukhangela
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngikhangele
|
ngingakhangeli
|
2nd singular
|
ukhangele
|
ungakhangeli
|
1st plural
|
sikhangele
|
singakhangeli
|
2nd plural
|
nikhangele
|
ningakhangeli
|
Class 1
|
akhangele
|
angakhangeli
|
Class 2
|
bakhangele
|
bangakhangeli
|
Class 3
|
ukhangele
|
ungakhangeli
|
Class 4
|
ikhangele
|
ingakhangeli
|
Class 5
|
likhangele
|
lingakhangeli
|
Class 6
|
akhangele
|
angakhangeli
|
Class 7
|
sikhangele
|
singakhangeli
|
Class 8
|
zikhangele
|
zingakhangeli
|
Class 9
|
ikhangele
|
ingakhangeli
|
Class 10
|
zikhangele
|
zingakhangeli
|
Class 11
|
lukhangele
|
lungakhangeli
|
Class 14
|
bukhangele
|
bungakhangeli
|
Class 15
|
kukhangele
|
kungakhangeli
|
Class 17
|
kukhangele
|
kungakhangeli
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngakhangela
|
ngangakhangela, angakhangela, angangakhangela
|
2nd singular
|
wakhangela
|
wangakhangela, awakhangela, awangakhangela
|
1st plural
|
sakhangela
|
sangakhangela, asakhangela, asangakhangela
|
2nd plural
|
nakhangela
|
nangakhangela, anakhangela, anangakhangela
|
Class 1
|
wakhangela
|
wangakhangela, akakhangela, akangakhangela
|
Class 2
|
bakhangela
|
bangakhangela, abakhangela, abangakhangela
|
Class 3
|
wakhangela
|
wangakhangela, awakhangela, awangakhangela
|
Class 4
|
yakhangela
|
yangakhangela, ayakhangela, ayangakhangela
|
Class 5
|
lakhangela
|
langakhangela, alakhangela, alangakhangela
|
Class 6
|
akhangela
|
angakhangela, awakhangela, awangakhangela
|
Class 7
|
sakhangela
|
sangakhangela, asakhangela, asangakhangela
|
Class 8
|
zakhangela
|
zangakhangela, azakhangela, azangakhangela
|
Class 9
|
yakhangela
|
yangakhangela, ayakhangela, ayangakhangela
|
Class 10
|
zakhangela
|
zangakhangela, azakhangela, azangakhangela
|
Class 11
|
lwakhangela
|
lwangakhangela, alwakhangela, alwangakhangela
|
Class 14
|
bakhangela
|
bangakhangela, abakhangela, abangakhangela
|
Class 15
|
kwakhangela
|
kwangakhangela, akwakhangela, akwangakhangela
|
Class 17
|
kwakhangela
|
kwangakhangela, akwakhangela, akwangakhangela
|