kimšti
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Lithuanian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kimśtei (“to cram”), apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾emḱ- (“id”), but without any known cognates outside of Balto-Slavic. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čę̑stъ (“frequent, dense”) (whence Polish częsty (“id”));[1] the past passive participle form of this verb, kim̃štas, is particularly close in form to the Slavic cognates.[2]
Pronunciation
Verb
kim̃šti (third-person present tense kem̃ša, third-person past tense kim̃šo)
Conjugation
Conjugation of kimšti
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
kemšù | kemšì | kem̃ša | kem̃šame, kem̃šam |
kem̃šate, kem̃šat |
kem̃ša | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
kimšaũ | kimšaĩ | kim̃šo | kim̃šome, kim̃šom |
kim̃šote, kim̃šot |
kim̃šo | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
kim̃šdavau | kim̃šdavai | kim̃šdavo | kim̃šdavome, kim̃šdavom |
kim̃šdavote, kim̃šdavot |
kim̃šdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
kim̃šiu | kim̃ši | kim̃š | kim̃šime, kim̃šim |
kim̃šite, kim̃šit |
kim̃š | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
kim̃ščiau | kim̃štum | kim̃štų | kim̃štumėme, kim̃štumėm, kim̃štume |
kim̃štumėte, kim̃štumėt |
kim̃štų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | kim̃šk, kim̃ški |
tekem̃ša | kim̃škime, kim̃škim |
kim̃škite, kim̃škit |
tekem̃ša | ||
Participles of kimšti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | kem̃šąs, kem̃šantis | kem̃šamas | |
| past | kim̃šęs | kim̃štas | |
| past frequentative | kim̃šdavęs | — | |
| future | kim̃šiąs, kim̃šiantis | kim̃šimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | kim̃štinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | kim̃šdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | kem̃šant | |
| past | kim̃šus | ||
| past frequentative | kim̃šdavus | ||
| future | kim̃šiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | kimštè, kimštinai | ||
Derived terms
(Nouns)
- (verbal noun) kimšìmas m
(Verbs)
- (reflexive) kimštis
Related terms
(Verbs)
(Nouns)
- kamštis m
Participle
kimštì (past passive)
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “kimšti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 244
- ^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “częsty”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 78
- ^ “kimšti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN