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ktoś. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
ktoś, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
ktoś in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Old Polish
Etymology
From kto + -ś. First attested in 1455.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ktoś m
- indeterminate personal pronoun; someone, somebody
1930 [Fifteenth century], “III Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 20, 39:A gdisz pobyegl møsz geden, prziwyodl gy ktosz (quidam) ku mnye- [A gdyż pobiegł mąż jeden, przywiodł ji ktoś (quidam) ku mnie]
Declension
Descendants
References
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “ktoś”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “ktoś”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “ktoś”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish ktoś. By surface analysis, kto + -ś. Compare Kashubian chtos and Slovincian chtesz.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ktoś m pers
- indeterminate personal pronoun; someone, somebody
- Synonym: kto
- indefinite personal pronoun; someone, somebody; anyone, anybody
- Synonym: ktokolwiek
- pronoun referring to a person considered more important; someone, somebody
- Antonym: nikt
- pronoun indicating a person as a separate idea; someone, somebody
Declension
Declension of ktoś
|
|
singular
|
| nominative
|
ktoś
|
| genitive
|
kogoś
|
| dative
|
komuś
|
| accusative
|
kogoś
|
| instrumental
|
kimś
|
| locative
|
kimś
|
| vocative
|
ktoś
|
Noun
ktoś m pers
- (colloquial, often ironic) used when someone wants to refer to a person indirectly, as the speaker considers that person better; someone, somebody; person
Declension
Derived terms
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ktoś is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 4 times in scientific texts, 1 time in news, 30 times in essays, 84 times in fiction, and 107 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 226 times, making it the 241st most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.
References
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “ktoś”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 207
Further reading
- ktoś in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ktoś in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ktoś”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “KTOŚ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2020 March 30
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “ktoś”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “ktoś”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “ktoś”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 614
Silesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈktɔɕ/
- Rhymes: -ɔɕ
- Syllabification: ktoś
Etymology 1
See ftoś.
Pronoun
ktoś m pers
- Alternative form of ftoś
Declension
Etymology 2
From a reduction of kto + żeś.
Pronoun
ktoś
- aorist of kto
Further reading