From Proto-Finnic *lapido, related to Estonian labidas, Karelian labju, Veps labid and Votic lappia. Possibly borrowed from a Balto-Slavic language; compare Proto-Slavic *lopata (“shovel, spade”), Lithuanian lópeta (“shovel”), Latvian lâpsta (“shovel, spade”) and Old Prussian lopto (“spade”). Also theorized to be equivalent to lapa + -io, but this is phonologically less tenable.
lapio
No strict distinction between shovels and spades occurs in Finnish. The term lapio can be used for any tool consisting of a flat blade attached to a handle that is used for digging and/or carrying material. Compound words are used for more specific uses, like istutuslapio (“(gardening) trowel”), laastilapio (“(mortar) trowel”), lumilapio (“snow shovel”), pistolapio (“shovel (with a pointed tip)”) or puutarhalapio (“gardening spade”).
Inflection of lapio (Kotus type 3/valtio, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | lapio | lapiot | ||
genitive | lapion | lapioiden lapioitten | ||
partitive | lapiota | lapioita | ||
illative | lapioon | lapioihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | lapio | lapiot | ||
accusative | nom. | lapio | lapiot | |
gen. | lapion | |||
genitive | lapion | lapioiden lapioitten | ||
partitive | lapiota | lapioita | ||
inessive | lapiossa | lapioissa | ||
elative | lapiosta | lapioista | ||
illative | lapioon | lapioihin | ||
adessive | lapiolla | lapioilla | ||
ablative | lapiolta | lapioilta | ||
allative | lapiolle | lapioille | ||
essive | lapiona | lapioina | ||
translative | lapioksi | lapioiksi | ||
abessive | lapiotta | lapioitta | ||
instructive | — | lapioin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
From English lap (“wrap”) + -io.
lapio (first-person singular present lapiaf, not mutable)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | lapiaf | lepi | lapia | lapiwn | lepiwch, lapiwch | lapiant | lepir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | lapiwn | lepit | lapiai | lapiem | lapiech | lapient | lepid | |
preterite | lepiais | lepiaist | lapiodd | lapiasom | lapiasoch | lapiasant | lapiwyd | |
pluperfect | lapiaswn | lapiasit | lapiasai | lapiasem | lapiasech | lapiasent | lapiasid, lapiesid | |
present subjunctive | lapiwyf | lepiech | lapio | lapiom | lapioch | lapiont | lapier | |
imperative | — | lapia | lapied | lapiwn | lepiwch, lapiwch | lapient | lapier | |
verbal noun | lapio | |||||||
verbal adjectives | lapiedig lapiadwy |
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | lapia i, lapiaf i | lapi di | lapith o/e/hi, lapiff e/hi | lapiwn ni | lapiwch chi | lapian nhw |
conditional | lapiwn i, lapswn i | lapiet ti, lapset ti | lapiai fo/fe/hi, lapsai fo/fe/hi | lapien ni, lapsen ni | lapiech chi, lapsech chi | lapien nhw, lapsen nhw |
preterite | lapiais i, lapies i | lapiaist ti, lapiest ti | lapiodd o/e/hi | lapion ni | lapioch chi | lapion nhw |
imperative | — | lapia | — | — | lapiwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |