ljósta

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Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse ljósta, from Proto-Germanic *leustaną.

Pronunciation

Verb

ljósta (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative laust, third-person plural past indicative lustu, supine lostið)

  1. (somewhat archaic or poetic) to hit, to strike
    Eldingu laust niður í fánastöngina í óveðrinu í gærkvöld.
    Lightning struck through the flagpole in the storm yesterday evening.

Usage notes

This verb is somewhat archaic or poetic, and its use in everyday language is mostly limited to references to lightning strikes and the set phrases skelfingu lostinn (“horror-stricken”), and steini lostinn (“awestruck, stone-stricken”).

Conjugation

ljósta — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að ljósta
supine
(sagnbót) 		lostið
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		ljóstandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég lýst við ljóstum present
(nútíð) 		ég ljósti við ljóstum
þú lýstur þið ljóstið þú ljóstir þið ljóstið
hann, hún, það lýstur þeir, þær, þau ljósta hann, hún, það ljósti þeir, þær, þau ljósti
past
(þátíð) 		ég laust við lustum past
(þátíð) 		ég lysti við lystum
þú laust þið lustuð þú lystir þið lystuð
hann, hún, það laust þeir, þær, þau lustu hann, hún, það lysti þeir, þær, þau lystu
imperative
(boðháttur) 		ljóst (þú) ljóstið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
ljóstu ljóstiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
lostinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		lostinn lostin lostið lostnir lostnar lostin
accusative
(þolfall) 		lostinn lostna lostið lostna lostnar lostin
dative
(þágufall) 		lostnum lostinni lostnu lostnum lostnum lostnum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		lostins lostinnar lostins lostinna lostinna lostinna
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		lostni lostna lostna lostnu lostnu lostnu
accusative
(þolfall) 		lostna lostnu lostna lostnu lostnu lostnu
dative
(þágufall) 		lostna lostnu lostna lostnu lostnu lostnu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		lostna lostnu lostna lostnu lostnu lostnu

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *leustaną.

Verb

ljósta (singular past indicative laust, plural past indicative lustu, past participle lostinn)

  1. to strike, smite
  2. to strike, hit (with a spear, arrow)
  3. (impersonal)
    laust í bardaga með þeim mikinn
    it came to a great battle between them

Conjugation

Conjugation of ljósta — active (strong class 2)
infinitive ljósta
present participle ljóstandi
past participle lostinn
indicative present past
1st-person singular lýst laust
2nd-person singular lýstr laustt
3rd-person singular lýstr laust
1st-person plural ljóstum lustum
2nd-person plural ljóstið lustuð
3rd-person plural ljósta lustu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular ljósta lysta
2nd-person singular ljóstir lystir
3rd-person singular ljósti lysti
1st-person plural ljóstim lystim
2nd-person plural ljóstið lystið
3rd-person plural ljósti lysti
imperative present
2nd-person singular ljóst
1st-person plural ljóstum
2nd-person plural ljóstið
Conjugation of ljósta — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive ljóstask
present participle ljóstandisk
past participle lostizk
indicative present past
1st-person singular ljóstumk lustumk
2nd-person singular lýszk lauszk
3rd-person singular lýszk lauszk
1st-person plural ljóstumsk lustumsk
2nd-person plural ljóstizk lustuzk
3rd-person plural ljóstask lustusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular ljóstumk lystumk
2nd-person singular ljóstisk lystisk
3rd-person singular ljóstisk lystisk
1st-person plural ljóstimsk lystimsk
2nd-person plural ljóstizk lystizk
3rd-person plural ljóstisk lystisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular ljószk
1st-person plural ljóstumsk
2nd-person plural ljóstizk

Descendants

  • Icelandic: ljósta
  • ⇒ Norwegian Bokmål: lystre
  • ⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: ljostra
  • ⇒ Swedish: ljustra

References

  • “ljósta”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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