lykja

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Icelandic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Norse lykja.

Verb

lykja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative lukti, supine lukið)

  1. to shut, to close
    Synonym: loka
Conjugation
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lykja — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að lykja
supine
(sagnbót) 		lukið
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		lykjandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég lyk við lykjum present
(nútíð) 		ég lyki við lykjum
þú lykur þið lykið þú lykir þið lykið
hann, hún, það lykur þeir, þær, þau lykja hann, hún, það lyki þeir, þær, þau lyki
past
(þátíð) 		ég lukti við luktum past
(þátíð) 		ég lykti við lyktum
þú luktir þið luktuð þú lyktir þið lyktuð
hann, hún, það lukti þeir, þær, þau luktu hann, hún, það lykti þeir, þær, þau lyktu
imperative
(boðháttur) 		lyk (þú) lykið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
lyktu lykiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
lykjast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að lykjast
supine
(sagnbót) 		lukist
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		lykjandist **
** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég lykst við lykjumst present
(nútíð) 		ég lykjist við lykjumst
þú lykst þið lykjist þú lykjist þið lykjist
hann, hún, það lykst þeir, þær, þau lykjast hann, hún, það lykjist þeir, þær, þau lykjist
past
(þátíð) 		ég luktist við luktumst past
(þátíð) 		ég lyktist við lyktumst
þú luktist þið luktust þú lyktist þið lyktust
hann, hún, það luktist þeir, þær, þau luktust hann, hún, það lyktist þeir, þær, þau lyktust
imperative
(boðháttur) 		lykst (þú) lykist (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
lykstu lykisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
lukinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		lukinn lukin lukið luktir luktar lukin
accusative
(þolfall) 		lukinn lukta lukið lukta luktar lukin
dative
(þágufall) 		luktum lukinni luktu luktum luktum luktum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		lukins lukinnar lukins lukinna lukinna lukinna
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		lukti lukta lukta luktu luktu luktu
accusative
(þolfall) 		lukta luktu lukta luktu luktu luktu
dative
(þágufall) 		lukta luktu lukta luktu luktu luktu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		lukta luktu lukta luktu luktu luktu

Etymology 2

Noun

lykja f (genitive singular lykju, nominative plural lykjur)

  1. ampoule
    Synonyms: ampúla, lyfjabiða
Declension
Declension of lykja (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative lykja lykjan lykjur lykjurnar
accusative lykju lykjuna lykjur lykjurnar
dative lykju lykjunni lykjum lykjunum
genitive lykju lykjunnar lykja, lykna lykjanna, lyknanna

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *lukjaną (“to close, shut”) (see the related *lūkaną), from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend, fold, turn”). Doublet of lúka.

Verb

lykja (singular past indicative lukti, plural past indicative luktu, past participle luktr)

  1. to shut, to close

Conjugation

Conjugation of lykja — active (weak class 1)
infinitive lykja
present participle lykjandi
past participle luktr
indicative present past
1st-person singular lyk lukta
2nd-person singular lykr luktir
3rd-person singular lykr lukti
1st-person plural lykjum luktum
2nd-person plural lykið luktuð
3rd-person plural lykja luktu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular lykja lykta
2nd-person singular lykir lyktir
3rd-person singular lyki lykti
1st-person plural lykim lyktim
2nd-person plural lykið lyktið
3rd-person plural lyki lykti
imperative present
2nd-person singular lyk
1st-person plural lykjum
2nd-person plural lykið
Conjugation of lykja — mediopassive (weak class 1)
infinitive lykjask
present participle lykjandisk
past participle lykzk
indicative present past
1st-person singular lykjumk luktumk
2nd-person singular lyksk luktisk
3rd-person singular lyksk luktisk
1st-person plural lykjumsk luktumsk
2nd-person plural lykizk luktuzk
3rd-person plural lykjask luktusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular lykjumk lyktumk
2nd-person singular lykisk lyktisk
3rd-person singular lykisk lyktisk
1st-person plural lykimsk lyktimsk
2nd-person plural lykizk lyktizk
3rd-person plural lykisk lyktisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular lyksk
1st-person plural lykjumsk
2nd-person plural lykizk

Descendants

  • Icelandic: lykja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: lykkja
  • Old Swedish: lykkia
  • Danish: lukke
    • Norwegian Bokmål: lukke
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: lukka

References

  • “lykja”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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