mḏd-r-nbtj

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Egyptian

Etymology

From mḏd (“to strike true, to stay true to, to drive in, to share out, to impose as an obligation”) +‎ r (“concerning, according to, facing, against, etc.”) +‎ nbtj (“the Two Ladies, i.e. the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet”). The exact sense is disputed, with a number of proposed hypotheses, but it must certainly be related to Khufu’s serekh name mḏdw, itself of disputed interpretation; a phrase attested in the Coffin Texts CT VI, §307x–308b, may also feature a related construction: jn [N.N.] jr mḏdwt nbtj (“It was who undertook the sharing out of the two crowns (literally, “Two Ladies”)”). Gundlach proposed a meaning of ‘he who shares out in accordance with the Two Ladies’, which Baud rejected in favor of ‘he who receives his dues in accordance with the Two Ladies’. Leprohon instead suggested ‘ who has adhered to the Two Ladies’, though this interpretation leaves the preposition unexplained, as mḏd normally takes the thing being stayed true to as a direct object.

Pronunciation

Proper noun

G16Aa24
r

 m

  1. A Two Ladies name notably borne by Khufu, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty

References

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