mꜣꜣ

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Egyptian

Etymology

Compare with Arabic أَمَرَ (ʔamara, “to instruct, to show how or what to do”) and Akkadian 𒅆 (amārum, “to look at, to see, to learn by experience”).

Pronunciation

Verb

U2
D4		 AA

 2ae gem.

  1. (transitive) to look at, to see (+ m: as)
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 28–30:
      U2
      ir      		 Asn
      Z2      		 p
      t
      pt      		 U2
      ir      		 Asn
      Z2      		 tA
      N23 Z1      		 ma
      k      		 Aa
      ib Z1      		 sn
      Z2      		 rU2
      ir      		 AwF27
      Z2
      mꜣ.sn pt mꜣ.sn tꜣ mꜥkꜣ jb.sn r mꜣ(j)w
      (Whether) they saw sky or they saw land, their minds were more observant than lions.
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 179–181:
      U2
      ir      		 AwA1rsA]]ssAAHD63Y2A1tA
      N23 Z1      		 r
      sA Z1      		 U2
      ir      		 AA1d
      p t      		 nsA2n&A1
      mꜣ wj r sꜣ sꜣḥ.j tꜣ r sꜣ mꜣ.j dpt.n.j
      See me after setting foot on land, after seeing what I’ve experienced!

Inflection

Conjugation of mꜣꜣ (irregular second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: mꜣ, geminated stem: mꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
mꜣꜣ8, mꜣ, mꜣn
 mꜣꜣ
 mꜣꜣt
 mꜣꜣ, mꜣ
 mꜣꜣ, mꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
mꜣꜣ, mꜣ
 ḥr mꜣꜣ
 m mꜣꜣ
 r mꜣꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect mꜣ.n, mꜣꜣ.n
 mꜣ
 consecutive mꜣ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative mꜣꜣt
perfective3 mꜣ, mꜣn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 mꜣꜣ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective mꜣꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 mꜣꜣ
 mꜣꜣ
 potentialis1 mꜣ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive mꜣ, mꜣn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect mꜣ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective mꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 mꜣ
 mꜣ, mꜣw5, mꜣy5
imperfective mꜣꜣ, mꜣꜣy, mꜣꜣw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 mꜣꜣ, mꜣꜣj6, mꜣꜣy6
 mꜣꜣ, mꜣꜣw5
prospective mꜣ, mꜣtj7
 — mꜣꜣtj4, mꜣꜣt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.

  1. Only in the masculine singular.
  2. Only in the masculine.
  3. Only in the feminine.
  4. Not used before suffix pronouns.

Derived terms

Noun

U2
D4		 AA

 m

  1. sight, vision
  2. appearance, aspect
  3. inspection, supervision, oversight
  4. means of recognition

Inflection

Declension of mꜣꜣ (masculine)
singular mꜣꜣ
dual mꜣꜣwj
plural mꜣꜣw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mꜣꜣ  
U2
D4		 AwD4
Z2
mꜣw

References

  1. ^ starling.rinet.ru
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