nettoyer

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French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French nettoyer, from Old French netoiier, a restructuring (based on net (“clean (adj.)”)) of Old French noiier (“to clean”), from Vulgar Latin *nitidiāre, a verb based on Latin nitidus (“shining, polished”), which took on the meaning of 'clean'. By surface analysis, net +‎ -oyer.

Pronunciation

Verb

nettoyer

  1. to clean
    Nettoyer les fesses du bébé.
    Clean the baby's bottom
  2. to wipe clean

Conjugation

This verb is part of a large group of -er verbs that conjugate like noyer or ennuyer. These verbs always replace the 'y' with an 'i' before a silent 'e'.

Conjugation of nettoyer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple nettoyer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple nettoyant
/nɛ.twa.jɑ̃/ or /ne.twa.jɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle nettoyé
/nɛ.twa.je/ or /ne.twa.je/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present nettoie
/nɛ.twa/ or /ne.twa/ 		nettoies
/nɛ.twa/ or /ne.twa/ 		nettoie
/nɛ.twa/ or /ne.twa/ 		nettoyons
/nɛ.twa.jɔ̃/ or /ne.twa.jɔ̃/ 		nettoyez
/nɛ.twa.je/ or /ne.twa.je/ 		nettoient
/nɛ.twa/ or /ne.twa/
imperfect nettoyais
/nɛ.twa.jɛ/ or /ne.twa.jɛ/ 		nettoyais
/nɛ.twa.jɛ/ or /ne.twa.jɛ/ 		nettoyait
/nɛ.twa.jɛ/ or /ne.twa.jɛ/ 		nettoyions
/nɛ.twaj.jɔ̃/ or /ne.twaj.jɔ̃/ 		nettoyiez
/nɛ.twaj.je/ or /ne.twaj.je/ 		nettoyaient
/nɛ.twa.jɛ/ or /ne.twa.jɛ/
past historic2 nettoyai
/nɛ.twa.je/ or /ne.twa.je/ 		nettoyas
/nɛ.twa.ja/ or /ne.twa.ja/ 		nettoya
/nɛ.twa.ja/ or /ne.twa.ja/ 		nettoyâmes
/nɛ.twa.jam/ or /ne.twa.jam/ 		nettoyâtes
/nɛ.twa.jat/ or /ne.twa.jat/ 		nettoyèrent
/nɛ.twa.jɛʁ/ or /ne.twa.jɛʁ/
future nettoierai
/nɛ.twa.ʁe/ or /ne.twa.ʁe/ 		nettoieras
/nɛ.twa.ʁa/ or /ne.twa.ʁa/ 		nettoiera
/nɛ.twa.ʁa/ or /ne.twa.ʁa/ 		nettoierons
/nɛ.twa.ʁɔ̃/ or /ne.twa.ʁɔ̃/ 		nettoierez
/nɛ.twa.ʁe/ or /ne.twa.ʁe/ 		nettoieront
/nɛ.twa.ʁɔ̃/ or /ne.twa.ʁɔ̃/
conditional nettoierais
/nɛ.twa.ʁɛ/ or /ne.twa.ʁɛ/ 		nettoierais
/nɛ.twa.ʁɛ/ or /ne.twa.ʁɛ/ 		nettoierait
/nɛ.twa.ʁɛ/ or /ne.twa.ʁɛ/ 		nettoierions
/nɛ.twa.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ne.twa.ʁjɔ̃/ 		nettoieriez
/nɛ.twa.ʁje/ or /ne.twa.ʁje/ 		nettoieraient
/nɛ.twa.ʁɛ/ or /ne.twa.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present nettoie
/nɛ.twa/ or /ne.twa/ 		nettoies
/nɛ.twa/ or /ne.twa/ 		nettoie
/nɛ.twa/ or /ne.twa/ 		nettoyions
/nɛ.twaj.jɔ̃/ or /ne.twaj.jɔ̃/ 		nettoyiez
/nɛ.twaj.je/ or /ne.twaj.je/ 		nettoient
/nɛ.twa/ or /ne.twa/
imperfect2 nettoyasse
/nɛ.twa.jas/ or /ne.twa.jas/ 		nettoyasses
/nɛ.twa.jas/ or /ne.twa.jas/ 		nettoyât
/nɛ.twa.ja/ or /ne.twa.ja/ 		nettoyassions
/nɛ.twa.ja.sjɔ̃/ or /ne.twa.ja.sjɔ̃/ 		nettoyassiez
/nɛ.twa.ja.sje/ or /ne.twa.ja.sje/ 		nettoyassent
/nɛ.twa.jas/ or /ne.twa.jas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — nettoie
/nɛ.twa/ or /ne.twa/ 		— nettoyons
/nɛ.twa.jɔ̃/ or /ne.twa.jɔ̃/ 		nettoyez
/nɛ.twa.je/ or /ne.twa.je/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French nettoier.

Verb

nettoyer

  1. to clean

Conjugation

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of nettoyer
infinitive simple nettoyer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple nettoyant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle nettoyé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present nettoye nettoyes nettoye nettoyons nettoyez nettoyent
imperfect nettoyois, nettoyoys nettoyois, nettoyoys nettoyoit, nettoyoyt nettoyions, nettoyyons nettoyiez, nettoyyez nettoyoient, nettoyoyent
past historic nettoya nettoyas nettoya nettoyasmes nettoyastes nettoyerent
future nettoyerai, nettoyeray nettoyeras nettoyera nettoyerons nettoyerez nettoyeront
conditional nettoyerois, nettoyeroys nettoyerois, nettoyeroys nettoyeroit, nettoyeroyt nettoyerions, nettoyeryons nettoyeriez, nettoyeryez nettoyeroient, nettoyeroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present nettoye nettoyes nettoye nettoyons nettoyez nettoyent
imperfect nettoyasse nettoyasses nettoyast nettoyassions nettoyassiez nettoyassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — nettoye — nettoyons nettoyez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

  • French: nettoyer
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