pēkšņs

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Latvian

Etymology

From the (historically older) adverbial form pēkšņi (suddenly), from an earlier variant *pēši (probably via *pēkši, *pēški), from an adjective *pēšs (sudden), from earlier *pēs-šas, from Proto-Baltic *pēs-tyos, from Proto-Indo-European *pēd-tyos, a form of *pēd-tis (going on foot), from the stem *pēd- (foot). The semantic evolution was: “(going) on foot” > “quickly, immediately” (by stressing the motion component) > “suddenly”. Cognates include Lithuanian pė́sčias (going on foot), Old Church Slavonic пѣшь (pěšĭ, on foot), Russian пе́ший (péšij, pedestrian)[1]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

pēkšņs (definite pēkšņais, comparative pēkšņāks, superlative vispēkšņākais, adverb pēkšņi)

  1. sudden, abrupt (that which arrives, happens unexpectedly, unforeseeably)
    pēkšņs uzbrukumssudden attack
    pēkšņa nāvesudden death
    pēkšņa trauksmesudden anxiety
    ar pēkšņu troksni kokā rodas plaisaswith a sudden noise, cracks appeared on the tree
    viņa strauji piespieda abas delnas pie krūtīm, kā dara cilvēki pēkšņa izbīļa mirkļosshe quickly pressed both palms to her chest, as do people in moments of sudden fright
    Lienai, jau pirmo peršu dziedot, nobira divas tik pēkšņas asaras, ka viņa pat nepaguva paķert priekšauta stūriLiena, already singing the first verses, shed two so sudden, unexpected tears that she did not even manage to grab the corner of her apron

Declension

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References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “pēkšņs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN