ponieważ

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See also: Ponieważ

Polish

Alternative forms

Etymology

    Borrowed from Silesian pōniywŏż,[1] from Czech poněvadž. First attested in the 16th century.[2]

    Pronunciation

     
    • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /pɔˈɲɛ.vaʂ/, /pɔˈɲe.vaʂ/, /pɔˈɲɛ.vɒʂ/, /pɔˈɲe.vɒʂ/

    Conjunction

    ponieważ

    1. (somewhat literary) because, for
      Synonyms: albowiem, bo, bowiem, dlatego że, gdyż, jako że

    Usage notes

    This conjunction comments on entire subject-verb structures and is used more often in formal style and less in speech than other synonymous conjunctions.

    If an utterance begins with ponieważ, the second sentence can be introduced with to, więc, or zatem.

    Trivia

    According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ponieważ is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 53 times in scientific texts, 20 times in news, 29 times in essays, 22 times in fiction, and 11 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 135 times, making it the 445th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[3]

    References

    1. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “ponieważ”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), volume 2, →ISBN, page 696:bohemizm ohydny, szerzący się od XVI-2 (jak wszystkie wówczas bohemizmy) ze Śląska, o czym Mączyński (1564): gdyż, niektórzy z czeskiego mówią poniewasz, por. u ślązaka Adama Gdaka-Gdacjusza w „Postylli” 1650 ponieważ//poniewadż
    2. ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ponieważ”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
    3. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “ponieważ”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 403

    Further reading