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Northern Ndebele
Verb
-qálísa
- to start
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Phuthi
Etymology
From -qala + -isa.
Verb
-qálísa
- to start something
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From -qala + -isa.
Verb
-qalísa
- (transitive) to begin, to start, to initiate, to set off
- (transitive) to launch
Inflection
Tone H
|
Infinitive
|
ukuqalisa
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuqalisa
|
ukungaqalisi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
qalisa
|
-qalise
|
Plural
|
qalisani
|
-qaliseni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyaqalisa, ngiqalisa
|
engiqalisayo, engiqalisa
|
ngiqalisa
|
angiqalisi
|
engingaqalisi
|
ngingaqalisi
|
2nd singular
|
uyaqalisa, uqalisa
|
oqalisayo, oqalisa
|
uqalisa
|
awuqalisi
|
ongaqalisi
|
ungaqalisi
|
1st plural
|
siyaqalisa, siqalisa
|
esiqalisayo, esiqalisa
|
siqalisa
|
asiqalisi
|
esingaqalisi
|
singaqalisi
|
2nd plural
|
niyaqalisa, niqalisa
|
eniqalisayo, eniqalisa
|
niqalisa
|
aniqalisi
|
eningaqalisi
|
ningaqalisi
|
Class 1
|
uyaqalisa, uqalisa
|
oqalisayo, oqalisa
|
eqalisa
|
akaqalisi
|
ongaqalisi
|
engaqalisi
|
Class 2
|
bayaqalisa, baqalisa
|
abaqalisayo, abaqalisa
|
beqalisa
|
abaqalisi
|
abangaqalisi
|
bengaqalisi
|
Class 3
|
uyaqalisa, uqalisa
|
oqalisayo, oqalisa
|
uqalisa
|
awuqalisi
|
ongaqalisi
|
ungaqalisi
|
Class 4
|
iyaqalisa, iqalisa
|
eqalisayo, eqalisa
|
iqalisa
|
ayiqalisi
|
engaqalisi
|
ingaqalisi
|
Class 5
|
liyaqalisa, liqalisa
|
eliqalisayo, eliqalisa
|
liqalisa
|
aliqalisi
|
elingaqalisi
|
lingaqalisi
|
Class 6
|
ayaqalisa, aqalisa
|
aqalisayo, aqalisa
|
eqalisa
|
awaqalisi
|
angaqalisi
|
engaqalisi
|
Class 7
|
siyaqalisa, siqalisa
|
esiqalisayo, esiqalisa
|
siqalisa
|
asiqalisi
|
esingaqalisi
|
singaqalisi
|
Class 8
|
ziyaqalisa, ziqalisa
|
eziqalisayo, eziqalisa
|
ziqalisa
|
aziqalisi
|
ezingaqalisi
|
zingaqalisi
|
Class 9
|
iyaqalisa, iqalisa
|
eqalisayo, eqalisa
|
iqalisa
|
ayiqalisi
|
engaqalisi
|
ingaqalisi
|
Class 10
|
ziyaqalisa, ziqalisa
|
eziqalisayo, eziqalisa
|
ziqalisa
|
aziqalisi
|
ezingaqalisi
|
zingaqalisi
|
Class 11
|
luyaqalisa, luqalisa
|
oluqalisayo, oluqalisa
|
luqalisa
|
aluqalisi
|
olungaqalisi
|
lungaqalisi
|
Class 14
|
buyaqalisa, buqalisa
|
obuqalisayo, obuqalisa
|
buqalisa
|
abuqalisi
|
obungaqalisi
|
bungaqalisi
|
Class 15
|
kuyaqalisa, kuqalisa
|
okuqalisayo, okuqalisa
|
kuqalisa
|
akuqalisi
|
okungaqalisi
|
kungaqalisi
|
Class 17
|
kuyaqalisa, kuqalisa
|
okuqalisayo, okuqalisa
|
kuqalisa
|
akuqalisi
|
okungaqalisi
|
kungaqalisi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiqalisile, ngiqalisē
|
engiqalisile, engiqalisē
|
ngiqalisile, ngiqalisē
|
angiqalisanga
|
engingaqalisanga
|
ngingaqalisanga
|
2nd singular
|
uqalisile, uqalisē
|
oqalisile, oqalisē
|
uqalisile, uqalisē
|
awuqalisanga
|
ongaqalisanga
|
ungaqalisanga
|
1st plural
|
siqalisile, siqalisē
|
esiqalisile, esiqalisē
|
siqalisile, siqalisē
|
asiqalisanga
|
esingaqalisanga
|
singaqalisanga
|
2nd plural
|
niqalisile, niqalisē
|
eniqalisile, eniqalisē
|
niqalisile, niqalisē
|
aniqalisanga
|
eningaqalisanga
|
ningaqalisanga
|
Class 1
|
uqalisile, uqalisē
|
oqalisile, oqalisē
|
eqalisile, eqalisē
|
akaqalisanga
|
ongaqalisanga
|
engaqalisanga
|
Class 2
|
baqalisile, baqalisē
|
abaqalisile, abaqalisē
|
beqalisile, beqalisē
|
abaqalisanga
|
abangaqalisanga
|
bengaqalisanga
|
Class 3
|
uqalisile, uqalisē
|
oqalisile, oqalisē
|
uqalisile, uqalisē
|
awuqalisanga
|
ongaqalisanga
|
ungaqalisanga
|
Class 4
|
iqalisile, iqalisē
|
eqalisile, eqalisē
|
iqalisile, iqalisē
|
ayiqalisanga
|
engaqalisanga
|
ingaqalisanga
|
Class 5
|
liqalisile, liqalisē
|
eliqalisile, eliqalisē
|
liqalisile, liqalisē
|
aliqalisanga
|
elingaqalisanga
|
lingaqalisanga
|
Class 6
|
aqalisile, aqalisē
|
aqalisile, aqalisē
|
eqalisile, eqalisē
|
awaqalisanga
|
angaqalisanga
|
engaqalisanga
|
Class 7
|
siqalisile, siqalisē
|
esiqalisile, esiqalisē
|
siqalisile, siqalisē
|
asiqalisanga
|
esingaqalisanga
|
singaqalisanga
|
Class 8
|
ziqalisile, ziqalisē
|
eziqalisile, eziqalisē
|
ziqalisile, ziqalisē
|
aziqalisanga
|
ezingaqalisanga
|
zingaqalisanga
|
Class 9
|
iqalisile, iqalisē
|
eqalisile, eqalisē
|
iqalisile, iqalisē
|
ayiqalisanga
|
engaqalisanga
|
ingaqalisanga
|
Class 10
|
ziqalisile, ziqalisē
|
eziqalisile, eziqalisē
|
ziqalisile, ziqalisē
|
aziqalisanga
|
ezingaqalisanga
|
zingaqalisanga
|
Class 11
|
luqalisile, luqalisē
|
oluqalisile, oluqalisē
|
luqalisile, luqalisē
|
aluqalisanga
|
olungaqalisanga
|
lungaqalisanga
|
Class 14
|
buqalisile, buqalisē
|
obuqalisile, obuqalisē
|
buqalisile, buqalisē
|
abuqalisanga
|
obungaqalisanga
|
bungaqalisanga
|
Class 15
|
kuqalisile, kuqalisē
|
okuqalisile, okuqalisē
|
kuqalisile, kuqalisē
|
akuqalisanga
|
okungaqalisanga
|
kungaqalisanga
|
Class 17
|
kuqalisile, kuqalisē
|
okuqalisile, okuqalisē
|
kuqalisile, kuqalisē
|
akuqalisanga
|
okungaqalisanga
|
kungaqalisanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāqalisa
|
engāqalisa
|
ngāqalisa
|
angiqalisanga
|
engingaqalisanga
|
ngingaqalisanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāqalisa
|
owāqalisa
|
wāqalisa
|
awuqalisanga
|
ongaqalisanga
|
ungaqalisanga
|
1st plural
|
sāqalisa
|
esāqalisa
|
sāqalisa
|
asiqalisanga
|
esingaqalisanga
|
singaqalisanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāqalisa
|
enāqalisa
|
nāqalisa
|
aniqalisanga
|
eningaqalisanga
|
ningaqalisanga
|
Class 1
|
wāqalisa
|
owāqalisa
|
āqalisa
|
akaqalisanga
|
ongaqalisanga
|
engaqalisanga
|
Class 2
|
bāqalisa
|
abāqalisa
|
bāqalisa
|
abaqalisanga
|
abangaqalisanga
|
bengaqalisanga
|
Class 3
|
wāqalisa
|
owāqalisa
|
wāqalisa
|
awuqalisanga
|
ongaqalisanga
|
ungaqalisanga
|
Class 4
|
yāqalisa
|
eyāqalisa
|
yāqalisa
|
ayiqalisanga
|
engaqalisanga
|
ingaqalisanga
|
Class 5
|
lāqalisa
|
elāqalisa
|
lāqalisa
|
aliqalisanga
|
elingaqalisanga
|
lingaqalisanga
|
Class 6
|
āqalisa
|
āqalisa
|
āqalisa
|
awaqalisanga
|
angaqalisanga
|
engaqalisanga
|
Class 7
|
sāqalisa
|
esāqalisa
|
sāqalisa
|
asiqalisanga
|
esingaqalisanga
|
singaqalisanga
|
Class 8
|
zāqalisa
|
ezāqalisa
|
zāqalisa
|
aziqalisanga
|
ezingaqalisanga
|
zingaqalisanga
|
Class 9
|
yāqalisa
|
eyāqalisa
|
yāqalisa
|
ayiqalisanga
|
engaqalisanga
|
ingaqalisanga
|
Class 10
|
zāqalisa
|
ezāqalisa
|
zāqalisa
|
aziqalisanga
|
ezingaqalisanga
|
zingaqalisanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāqalisa
|
olwāqalisa
|
lwāqalisa
|
aluqalisanga
|
olungaqalisanga
|
lungaqalisanga
|
Class 14
|
bāqalisa
|
obāqalisa
|
bāqalisa
|
abuqalisanga
|
obungaqalisanga
|
bungaqalisanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāqalisa
|
okwāqalisa
|
kwāqalisa
|
akuqalisanga
|
okungaqalisanga
|
kungaqalisanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāqalisa
|
okwāqalisa
|
kwāqalisa
|
akuqalisanga
|
okungaqalisanga
|
kungaqalisanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingaqalisa
|
—
|
ngingaqalisa
|
ngingeqalise
|
—
|
ngingeqalise
|
2nd singular
|
ungaqalisa
|
—
|
ungaqalisa
|
ungeqalise
|
—
|
ungeqalise
|
1st plural
|
singaqalisa
|
—
|
singaqalisa
|
singeqalise
|
—
|
singeqalise
|
2nd plural
|
ningaqalisa
|
—
|
ningaqalisa
|
ningeqalise
|
—
|
ningeqalise
|
Class 1
|
angaqalisa
|
—
|
engaqalisa
|
angeqalise
|
—
|
engeqalise
|
Class 2
|
bangaqalisa
|
—
|
bengaqalisa
|
bangeqalise
|
—
|
bengeqalise
|
Class 3
|
ungaqalisa
|
—
|
ungaqalisa
|
ungeqalise
|
—
|
ungeqalise
|
Class 4
|
ingaqalisa
|
—
|
ingaqalisa
|
ingeqalise
|
—
|
ingeqalise
|
Class 5
|
lingaqalisa
|
—
|
lingaqalisa
|
lingeqalise
|
—
|
lingeqalise
|
Class 6
|
angaqalisa
|
—
|
engaqalisa
|
angeqalise
|
—
|
engeqalise
|
Class 7
|
singaqalisa
|
—
|
singaqalisa
|
singeqalise
|
—
|
singeqalise
|
Class 8
|
zingaqalisa
|
—
|
zingaqalisa
|
zingeqalise
|
—
|
zingeqalise
|
Class 9
|
ingaqalisa
|
—
|
ingaqalisa
|
ingeqalise
|
—
|
ingeqalise
|
Class 10
|
zingaqalisa
|
—
|
zingaqalisa
|
zingeqalise
|
—
|
zingeqalise
|
Class 11
|
lungaqalisa
|
—
|
lungaqalisa
|
lungeqalise
|
—
|
lungeqalise
|
Class 14
|
bungaqalisa
|
—
|
bungaqalisa
|
bungeqalise
|
—
|
bungeqalise
|
Class 15
|
kungaqalisa
|
—
|
kungaqalisa
|
kungeqalise
|
—
|
kungeqalise
|
Class 17
|
kungaqalisa
|
—
|
kungaqalisa
|
kungeqalise
|
—
|
kungeqalise
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizoqalisa
|
engizoqalisa
|
ngizoqalisa
|
angizuqalisa
|
engingezuqalisa
|
ngingezuqalisa
|
2nd singular
|
uzoqalisa
|
ozoqalisa
|
uzoqalisa
|
awuzuqalisa
|
ongezuqalisa
|
ungezuqalisa
|
1st plural
|
sizoqalisa
|
esizoqalisa
|
sizoqalisa
|
asizuqalisa
|
esingezuqalisa
|
singezuqalisa
|
2nd plural
|
nizoqalisa
|
enizoqalisa
|
nizoqalisa
|
anizuqalisa
|
eningezuqalisa
|
ningezuqalisa
|
Class 1
|
uzoqalisa
|
ozoqalisa
|
ezoqalisa
|
akazuqalisa
|
ongezuqalisa
|
engezuqalisa
|
Class 2
|
bazoqalisa
|
abazoqalisa
|
bezoqalisa
|
abazuqalisa
|
abangezuqalisa
|
bengezuqalisa
|
Class 3
|
uzoqalisa
|
ozoqalisa
|
uzoqalisa
|
awuzuqalisa
|
ongezuqalisa
|
ungezuqalisa
|
Class 4
|
izoqalisa
|
ezoqalisa
|
izoqalisa
|
ayizuqalisa
|
engezuqalisa
|
ingezuqalisa
|
Class 5
|
lizoqalisa
|
elizoqalisa
|
lizoqalisa
|
alizuqalisa
|
elingezuqalisa
|
lingezuqalisa
|
Class 6
|
azoqalisa
|
azoqalisa
|
ezoqalisa
|
awazuqalisa
|
angezuqalisa
|
engezuqalisa
|
Class 7
|
sizoqalisa
|
esizoqalisa
|
sizoqalisa
|
asizuqalisa
|
esingezuqalisa
|
singezuqalisa
|
Class 8
|
zizoqalisa
|
ezizoqalisa
|
zizoqalisa
|
azizuqalisa
|
ezingezuqalisa
|
zingezuqalisa
|
Class 9
|
izoqalisa
|
ezoqalisa
|
izoqalisa
|
ayizuqalisa
|
engezuqalisa
|
ingezuqalisa
|
Class 10
|
zizoqalisa
|
ezizoqalisa
|
zizoqalisa
|
azizuqalisa
|
ezingezuqalisa
|
zingezuqalisa
|
Class 11
|
luzoqalisa
|
oluzoqalisa
|
luzoqalisa
|
aluzuqalisa
|
olungezuqalisa
|
lungezuqalisa
|
Class 14
|
buzoqalisa
|
obuzoqalisa
|
buzoqalisa
|
abuzuqalisa
|
obungezuqalisa
|
bungezuqalisa
|
Class 15
|
kuzoqalisa
|
okuzoqalisa
|
kuzoqalisa
|
akuzuqalisa
|
okungezuqalisa
|
kungezuqalisa
|
Class 17
|
kuzoqalisa
|
okuzoqalisa
|
kuzoqalisa
|
akuzuqalisa
|
okungezuqalisa
|
kungezuqalisa
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyoqalisa
|
engiyoqalisa
|
ngiyoqalisa
|
angiyuqalisa
|
engingeyuqalisa
|
ngingeyuqalisa
|
2nd singular
|
uyoqalisa
|
oyoqalisa
|
uyoqalisa
|
awuyuqalisa
|
ongeyuqalisa
|
ungeyuqalisa
|
1st plural
|
siyoqalisa
|
esiyoqalisa
|
siyoqalisa
|
asiyuqalisa
|
esingeyuqalisa
|
singeyuqalisa
|
2nd plural
|
niyoqalisa
|
eniyoqalisa
|
niyoqalisa
|
aniyuqalisa
|
eningeyuqalisa
|
ningeyuqalisa
|
Class 1
|
uyoqalisa
|
oyoqalisa
|
eyoqalisa
|
akayuqalisa
|
ongeyuqalisa
|
engeyuqalisa
|
Class 2
|
bayoqalisa
|
abayoqalisa
|
beyoqalisa
|
abayuqalisa
|
abangeyuqalisa
|
bengeyuqalisa
|
Class 3
|
uyoqalisa
|
oyoqalisa
|
uyoqalisa
|
awuyuqalisa
|
ongeyuqalisa
|
ungeyuqalisa
|
Class 4
|
iyoqalisa
|
eyoqalisa
|
iyoqalisa
|
ayiyuqalisa
|
engeyuqalisa
|
ingeyuqalisa
|
Class 5
|
liyoqalisa
|
eliyoqalisa
|
liyoqalisa
|
aliyuqalisa
|
elingeyuqalisa
|
lingeyuqalisa
|
Class 6
|
ayoqalisa
|
ayoqalisa
|
eyoqalisa
|
awayuqalisa
|
angeyuqalisa
|
engeyuqalisa
|
Class 7
|
siyoqalisa
|
esiyoqalisa
|
siyoqalisa
|
asiyuqalisa
|
esingeyuqalisa
|
singeyuqalisa
|
Class 8
|
ziyoqalisa
|
eziyoqalisa
|
ziyoqalisa
|
aziyuqalisa
|
ezingeyuqalisa
|
zingeyuqalisa
|
Class 9
|
iyoqalisa
|
eyoqalisa
|
iyoqalisa
|
ayiyuqalisa
|
engeyuqalisa
|
ingeyuqalisa
|
Class 10
|
ziyoqalisa
|
eziyoqalisa
|
ziyoqalisa
|
aziyuqalisa
|
ezingeyuqalisa
|
zingeyuqalisa
|
Class 11
|
luyoqalisa
|
oluyoqalisa
|
luyoqalisa
|
aluyuqalisa
|
olungeyuqalisa
|
lungeyuqalisa
|
Class 14
|
buyoqalisa
|
obuyoqalisa
|
buyoqalisa
|
abuyuqalisa
|
obungeyuqalisa
|
bungeyuqalisa
|
Class 15
|
kuyoqalisa
|
okuyoqalisa
|
kuyoqalisa
|
akuyuqalisa
|
okungeyuqalisa
|
kungeyuqalisa
|
Class 17
|
kuyoqalisa
|
okuyoqalisa
|
kuyoqalisa
|
akuyuqalisa
|
okungeyuqalisa
|
kungeyuqalisa
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngiqalise
|
ngingaqalisi
|
2nd singular
|
uqalise
|
ungaqalisi
|
1st plural
|
siqalise
|
singaqalisi
|
2nd plural
|
niqalise
|
ningaqalisi
|
Class 1
|
aqalise
|
angaqalisi
|
Class 2
|
baqalise
|
bangaqalisi
|
Class 3
|
uqalise
|
ungaqalisi
|
Class 4
|
iqalise
|
ingaqalisi
|
Class 5
|
liqalise
|
lingaqalisi
|
Class 6
|
aqalise
|
angaqalisi
|
Class 7
|
siqalise
|
singaqalisi
|
Class 8
|
ziqalise
|
zingaqalisi
|
Class 9
|
iqalise
|
ingaqalisi
|
Class 10
|
ziqalise
|
zingaqalisi
|
Class 11
|
luqalise
|
lungaqalisi
|
Class 14
|
buqalise
|
bungaqalisi
|
Class 15
|
kuqalise
|
kungaqalisi
|
Class 17
|
kuqalise
|
kungaqalisi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngaqalisa
|
ngangaqalisa, angaqalisa, angangaqalisa
|
2nd singular
|
waqalisa
|
wangaqalisa, awaqalisa, awangaqalisa
|
1st plural
|
saqalisa
|
sangaqalisa, asaqalisa, asangaqalisa
|
2nd plural
|
naqalisa
|
nangaqalisa, anaqalisa, anangaqalisa
|
Class 1
|
waqalisa
|
wangaqalisa, akaqalisa, akangaqalisa
|
Class 2
|
baqalisa
|
bangaqalisa, abaqalisa, abangaqalisa
|
Class 3
|
waqalisa
|
wangaqalisa, awaqalisa, awangaqalisa
|
Class 4
|
yaqalisa
|
yangaqalisa, ayaqalisa, ayangaqalisa
|
Class 5
|
laqalisa
|
langaqalisa, alaqalisa, alangaqalisa
|
Class 6
|
aqalisa
|
angaqalisa, awaqalisa, awangaqalisa
|
Class 7
|
saqalisa
|
sangaqalisa, asaqalisa, asangaqalisa
|
Class 8
|
zaqalisa
|
zangaqalisa, azaqalisa, azangaqalisa
|
Class 9
|
yaqalisa
|
yangaqalisa, ayaqalisa, ayangaqalisa
|
Class 10
|
zaqalisa
|
zangaqalisa, azaqalisa, azangaqalisa
|
Class 11
|
lwaqalisa
|
lwangaqalisa, alwaqalisa, alwangaqalisa
|
Class 14
|
baqalisa
|
bangaqalisa, abaqalisa, abangaqalisa
|
Class 15
|
kwaqalisa
|
kwangaqalisa, akwaqalisa, akwangaqalisa
|
Class 17
|
kwaqalisa
|
kwangaqalisa, akwaqalisa, akwangaqalisa
|
References