Inherited from Middle French râper, rasper, from Old French rasper, from Early Medieval Latin raspāre (“to scrape; rake”), from Frankish *hraspōn, from Proto-Germanic *hraspōną, a derivative of Proto-Germanic *hrespaną (“to tear”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krebʰ- (“to turn; bend; shrink”).
Romance cognates include Occitan, Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese raspar and Italian raspare. Related to Old High German raspōn (“to rake, gather”), Old English ġehrespan (“to plunder”).
| Audio (Quebec, Montreal): | (file) |
râper
| infinitive | simple | râper | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | râpant /ʁa.pɑ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | râpé /ʁa.pe/ or /ʁɑ.pe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | râpe /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/ |
râpes /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/ |
râpe /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/ |
râpons /ʁa.pɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pɔ̃/ |
râpez /ʁa.pe/ or /ʁɑ.pe/ |
râpent /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/ |
| imperfect | râpais /ʁa.pɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pɛ/ |
râpais /ʁa.pɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pɛ/ |
râpait /ʁa.pɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pɛ/ |
râpions /ʁa.pjɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pjɔ̃/ |
râpiez /ʁa.pje/ or /ʁɑ.pje/ |
râpaient /ʁa.pɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | râpai /ʁa.pe/ or /ʁɑ.pe/ |
râpas /ʁa.pa/ or /ʁɑ.pa/ |
râpa /ʁa.pa/ or /ʁɑ.pa/ |
râpâmes /ʁa.pam/ or /ʁɑ.pam/ |
râpâtes /ʁa.pat/ or /ʁɑ.pat/ |
râpèrent /ʁa.pɛʁ/ or /ʁɑ.pɛʁ/ | |
| future | râperai /ʁa.pʁe/ or /ʁɑ.pʁe/ |
râperas /ʁa.pʁa/ or /ʁɑ.pʁa/ |
râpera /ʁa.pʁa/ or /ʁɑ.pʁa/ |
râperons /ʁa.pʁɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pʁɔ̃/ |
râperez /ʁa.pʁe/ or /ʁɑ.pʁe/ |
râperont /ʁa.pʁɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | râperais /ʁa.pʁɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pʁɛ/ |
râperais /ʁa.pʁɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pʁɛ/ |
râperait /ʁa.pʁɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pʁɛ/ |
râperions /ʁa.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
râperiez /ʁa.pə.ʁje/ or /ʁɑ.pə.ʁje/ |
râperaient /ʁa.pʁɛ/ or /ʁɑ.pʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | râpe /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/ |
râpes /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/ |
râpe /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/ |
râpions /ʁa.pjɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pjɔ̃/ |
râpiez /ʁa.pje/ or /ʁɑ.pje/ |
râpent /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/ |
| imperfect2 | râpasse /ʁa.pas/ or /ʁɑ.pas/ |
râpasses /ʁa.pas/ or /ʁɑ.pas/ |
râpât /ʁa.pa/ or /ʁɑ.pa/ |
râpassions /ʁa.pa.sjɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pa.sjɔ̃/ |
râpassiez /ʁa.pa.sje/ or /ʁɑ.pa.sje/ |
râpassent /ʁa.pas/ or /ʁɑ.pas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | râpe /ʁap/ or /ʁɑp/ |
— | râpons /ʁa.pɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.pɔ̃/ |
râpez /ʁa.pe/ or /ʁɑ.pe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||