różny

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See also: rożny, rózný, and róznÿ

Polish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish rózdny. The shift of rózny->różny is from analogy from różnie, różnica. By surface analysis, roz- +‎ -ny.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈruʐ.nɨ/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -uʐnɨ
  • Syllabification: róż‧ny

Adjective

różny (not generally comparable, comparative (expressive) różniejszy or bardziej różny, superlative (expressive) najróżniejszy or najbardziej różny, derived adverb różnie)

  1. (comparable) various
  2. (not comparable) different (not the same)
    Synonyms: inny, rozmaity
    Antonyms: identyczny, jednakowy, taki sam
  3. (obsolete, of roads) difficult
  4. (Middle Polish) in disagreement, disagreeing, discordant (not sharing the same opinion)
    Synonym: niezgodny
  5. (Middle Polish) distant, far away (physically not close)
    Synonym: daleki
  6. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
    • 1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 976b:
      Sexus, Maris et foemine discrimen – Rodzai rozni miedziſam czema [!] ſamiczą.
  7. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    1. angry
      • 1595, H. Powodowski, Propozycyja z wyroków Pisma Św. zebrana, page 45:
        Będźie Kátolik chćiał dawney religiey ſwey ochraniáć/ Zaydźie co roznego/ iż nie Kátoliká obráźi [] áli Pan Ewangelicki brát/ co mię bárźiey niż przedtym miłowáć miał/ o zdrowie/ máiętność/ y poććiwość mię poćiągnie.
  8. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
    • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 84d:
      Diaphorus, Latine differens, Różny/ Rodzielny [!].
    • 1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page b:
      Quotuplex interrogativum, significans quot generum, quot specierum, vel quot modorum – Iako rozni, rozdzielny?

Declension

Derived terms

adjective
adverbs
nouns
verbs
verbs

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), różny is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 135 times in scientific texts, 51 times in news, 83 times in essays, 24 times in fiction, and 26 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 319 times, making it the 160th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

References

  1. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “różny”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  2. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “różny”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 509

Further reading