ringor

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Latin

Etymology

Of unclear origin, probably from a Proto-Indo-European *wreng- (“to turn, curve”), and compared to Proto-Germanic *wrankijaną (“to wring, twist”), though the Germanic is thought to be an internal derivation from a different verb which cannot be cognate via application of sound laws.

Less likely, a pre-Latin but post-Proto-Indo-European onomatopoeic formation, compare Ancient Greek ῥέγκω (rhénkō, “to snore”). See also Proto-Slavic *reťi (“to cut, crack”).

Pronunciation

Verb

ringor (present infinitive ringī, perfect active rictus sum); third conjugation, deponent

  1. to snarl
  2. to be vexed, angry

Conjugation

   Conjugation of ringor (third conjugation, deponent)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present ringor ringeris,
ringere 		ringitur ringimur ringiminī ringuntur
imperfect ringēbar ringēbāris,
ringēbāre 		ringēbātur ringēbāmur ringēbāminī ringēbantur
future ringar ringēris,
ringēre 		ringētur ringēmur ringēminī ringentur
perfect rictus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect rictus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect rictus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present ringar ringāris,
ringāre 		ringātur ringāmur ringāminī ringantur
imperfect ringerer ringerēris,
ringerēre 		ringerētur ringerēmur ringerēminī ringerentur
perfect rictus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect rictus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — ringere — — ringiminī —
future — ringitor ringitor — — ringuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present ringī — ringēns —
future rictūrum esse — rictūrus ringendus,
ringundus
perfect rictum esse — rictus —
future perfect rictum fore — — —
perfect potential rictūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
ringendī ringendō ringendum ringendō rictum rictū

Derived terms

Descendants

  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *ringulāre

Reflexes of an assumed variant *ringīre:

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ringor, -ī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 524
  2. ^ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954) “ringor”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 436
  3. ^ According to Gustav Körting.

Further reading

  • “ringor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • ringor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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