Appendix:Latin third conjugation

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The Latin third conjugation has an infinitive ending in -ere. They descend from Proto-Italic *-ō, from Proto-Indo-European *-eti.

Some third conjugation verbs include an -i in the stem, which is included before the ending in present, future, imperfect active and passive (not in future passive, where there is no -i stem, it is only -e stem, tegō for example) except for the 2nd person singular present passive. They descend from Proto-Italic *-jō, from Proto-Indo-European *-yeti.

Example

Active indicative

Present

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tegō I cover tegimus We cover
2nd tegis You cover tegitis You (pl.) cover
3rd tegit He/she/it covers tegunt They cover

i-stem

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st capiō I take capimus We take
2nd capis You take capitis You (pl.) take
3rd capit He/she/it takes capiunt They take

Imperfect

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tegēbam I was covering tegēbāmus We were covering
2nd tegēbās You were covering tegēbātis You (pl.) were covering
3rd tegēbat He/she/it was covering tegēbant They were covering

i-stem

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st capiēbam I was taking capiēbāmus We were taking
2nd capiēbās You were taking capiēbātis You (pl.) were taking
3rd capiēbat He/she/it was taking capiēbant They were taking

Future

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tegam I will cover tegēmus We will cover
2nd tegēs You will cover tegētis You (pl.) will cover
3rd teget He/she/it will cover tegent They will cover

i-stem

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st capiam I will take capiēmus We will take
2nd capiēs You will take capiētis You (pl.) will take
3rd capiet He/she/it will take capient They will take

Perfect

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tēxī I have covered tēximus We have covered
2nd tēxistī You have covered tēxistis You (pl.) have covered
3rd tēxit He/she/it has covered tēxērunt They have covered

Pluperfect

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tēxeram I had covered tēxerāmus We had covered
2nd tēxerās You had covered tēxerātis You (pl.) had covered
3rd tēxerat He/she/it had covered tēxerant They had covered

Future perfect

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tēxerō I will have covered tēxerimus We will have covered
2nd tēxeris You will have covered tēxeritis You (pl.) will have covered
3rd tēxerit He/she/it will have covered tēxerint They will have covered

Passive indicative

Present

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tegor I am covered tegimur We are covered
2nd tegeris You are covered tegiminī You (pl.) are covered
3rd tegitur It is covered teguntur They are covered

i-stem

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st capior I am taken capimur We are taken
2nd caperis You are taken capiminī You (pl.) are taken
3rd capitur It is taken capiuntur They are taken

Imperfect

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tegēbar I was covered tegēbāmur We were covered
2nd tegēbāris You were covered tegēbāminī You (pl.) were covered
3rd tegēbātur It was covered tegēbantur They were covered

i-stem

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st capiēbar I was taken capiēbāmur We were taken
2nd capiēbāris You were taken capiēbāminī You (pl.) were taken
3rd capiēbātur It was taken capiēbantur They were taken

Future

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tegar I will be covered tegēmur We will be covered
2nd tegēris You will be covered tegēminī You (pl.) will be covered
3rd tegētur He/she/it will be covered tegentur They will be covered

i-stem

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st capiar I will be taken capiēmur We will be taken
2nd capiēris You will be taken capiēminī You (pl.) will be taken
3rd capiētur He/she/it will be taken capientur They will be taken

Perfect

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tēctus sum I have been covered tēctī sumus We have been covered
2nd tēctus es You have been covered tēctī estis You (pl.) have been covered
3rd tēctus est He has been covered tēctī sunt They have been covered

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Pluperfect

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tēctus eram I had been covered tēctī erāmus We had been covered
2nd tēctus erās You had been covered tēctī erātis You (pl.) had been covered
3rd tēctus erat He had been covered tēctī erant They had been covered

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Future perfect

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tēctus erō I will have been covered tēctī erimus We will have been covered
2nd tēctus eris You will have been covered tēctī eritis You (pl.) will have been covered
3rd tēctus erit He will have been covered tēctī erunt They will have been covered

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Active subjunctive

Present

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tegam I may cover tegāmus We may cover
2nd tegās You may cover tegātis You (pl.) may cover
3rd tegat He/she/it may cover tegant They may cover

i-stem

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st capiam I may take capiāmus We may take
2nd capiās You may take capiātis You (pl.) may take
3rd capiat He/she/it may take capiant They may take

Imperfect

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tegerem I should cover tegerēmus We should cover
2nd tegerēs You would cover tegerētis You (pl.) would cover
3rd tegeret He/she/it would cover tegerent They would cover

i-stem

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st caperem I should take caperēmus We should take
2nd caperēs You would take caperētis You (pl.) would take
3rd caperet He/she/it would take caperent They would take

Perfect

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tēxerim I may have covered tēxerīmus We may have covered
2nd tēxerīs You may have covered tēxerītis You (pl.) may have covered
3rd tēxerit He/she/it may have covered tēxerint They may have covered

Pluperfect

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tēxissem I should have covered tēxissēmus We should have covered
2nd tēxissēs You would have covered tēxissētis You (pl.) would have covered
3rd tēxisset He/she/it would have covered tēxissent They would have covered

Passive subjunctive

Present

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tegar I may be covered tegāmur We may be covered
2nd tegāris You may be covered tegāminī You (pl.) may be covered
3rd tegātur He/she/it may be covered tegantur They may be covered

i-stem

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st capiar I may be taken capiāmur We may be taken
2nd capiāris You may be taken capiāminī You (pl.) may be taken
3rd capiātur He/she/it may be taken capiantur They may be taken

Imperfect

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tegerer I should be covered tegerēmur We should be covered
2nd tegerēris You would be covered tegerēminī You (pl.) would be covered
3rd tegerētur He/she/it would be covered tegerentur They would be covered

i-stem

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st caperer I should be taken caperēmur We should be taken
2nd caperēris You would be taken caperēminī You (pl.) would be taken
3rd caperētur He/she/it would be taken caperentur They would be taken

Perfect

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tēctus sim I may have been covered tēctī sīmus We may have been covered
2nd tēctus sīs You may have been covered tēctī sītis You (pl.) may have been covered
3rd tēctus sit He/she/it may have been covered tēctī sint They may have been covered

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Pluperfect

Person Singular Meaning Plural Meaning
1st tēctus essem I should have been covered tēctī essēmus We should have been covered
2nd tēctus essēs You would have been covered tēctī essētis You (pl.) would have been covered
3rd tēctus esset He/she/it would have been covered tēctī essent They would have been covered

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Imperative

Tense and voice Second singular Meaning Third singular Meaning Second plural Meaning Third plural Meaning
present active tege cover! tegite cover!
future active tegitō You shall cover tegitō He/She/It shall cover tegitōte You shall all cover teguntō They shall cover
present passive tegere be covered! tegiminī be covered!
future passive tegitor You shall be covered tegitor He/She/It shall be covered teguntor They shall be covered

i-stem

Tense and voice Second singular Meaning Third singular Meaning Second plural Meaning Third plural Meaning
present active cape take! capite take!
future active capitō You shall take capitō He/She/It shall take capitōte You shall all take capiuntō They shall take
present passive capere be taken! capiminī be taken!
future passive capitor You shall be taken capitor He/She/It shall be taken capiuntor They shall be taken

Infinitives

  • Present active: tegere (“to cover”); capere (“to take”)
  • Perfect active: tēxisse (“to have covered”); cēpisse (“to have taken”)
  • Future active: tēctūrus esse (“to be about to cover”); captūrus esse (“to be about to take”)
  • Present passive: tegī (“to be covered”); capī (“to be taken”)
  • Perfect passive: tēctus esse (“to have been covered”); captus esse (“to have been taken”)
  • Future passive: tēctum īrī (“to be about to be covered”); captum īrī (“to be about to be taken”)

Participles

  • Present active: tegēns (“covering”); capiēns (“taking”)
  • Future active: tēctūrus (“about to cover”); captūrus (“about to take”)
  • Perfect passive: tēctus (“(having been) covered”); captus (“(having been) taken”)
  • Future passive (gerundive): tegendus (“(about) to be covered”); capiendus (“(about) to be taken”)

Other nonfinite forms

  • Gerund: tegendum (“covering”); capiendum (“taking”)
  • Supine: tēctum (“(in order) to cover”); captum (“(in order) to take”)
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