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Vietnamese
Etymology
From Proto-Vietic *-bəːʔ; from Old Chinese 婦 (OC *mə.bəʔ) (B-S) (SV: phụ).
Shorto considers "vợ" a native word, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(ʔ)boʔ (“mother”).[1] This is not likely, considering the lack of cognates in both the more conservative Vietic languages and the neighbouring Austroasiatic branches.
This is now the main word for "wife" in most Vietnamese dialects, although the North Central dialects chiefly use cấy or gấy, a word related to gái (“girls, women”) and cái (“female”).
Pronunciation
Noun
vợ • (𡞕, 𡢼, 𱙳)
- wife
- vợ chồng ― wife and husband; a married couple
- vợ chồng A Phủ ― A Phủ and his wife
- bố/mẹ vợ ― wife's father/mother
2013, Nhật Ánh Nguyễn, “Tôi trở thành người nội trợ đảm đang như thế nào? [How Did I Become a Good Househusband?]”, in Chuyện cổ tích dành cho người lớn [Fairy Tales for Adults], pages 139–140:Chả là vợ tôi ốm. Đối với tôi, đó là một điều bất ngời ngoài sức tưởng tượng. Khi tôi quyết định lấy vợ, tôi không bao giờ nghĩ rằng đến một ngày nào đó vợ tôi sẽ ốm. Tôi cứ đinh ninh đã là vợ thì không thể ốm được. Thế mà điều đó lại xảy ra, thật là kỳ lạ. Cô ta nằm trên giường, đầu nóng sốt, miệng rên hừ hừ và bất hạnh (cho tôi) nhất là, tay chân không cựa nổi. Tôi đã quen nhìn thấy vợ làm việc quần quật suốt ngày đến nỗi bây giờ nhìn thấy cô ta bạc nhược đợi chồng nâng đầu dậy kê cốc nước vào miệng, thật tôi chẳng làm sao tin được. Nhưng rồi tôi buộc phải tin, bởi vì từ hôm đó cả một núi công việc đổ lên đầu tôi và tôi bị đè bẹp dưới đó hệt như Tôn Ngộ Không bị đè dưới năm ngón tay Phật Như Lại[sic] vậy, đố có mà nhúc nhích được một li.- What happened was my wife got sick. That, to me, was completely beyond my imagination. When I decided to get married, the thought that my wife would get sick one day never even crossed my mind. I was so adamant that wives don't get sick. But it happened, it was so weird. She was lying in bed, her head was feverish, she kept moaning, and the most tragic part (for me) was that she couldn't lift a finger. I had been so used to seeing her doing chores all day, now that I saw her pale face waiting for me to lift her head up and bring a cup of water to her mouth, I just couldn't believe my eyes at all. But eventually I had to, because from then on there would be a mountain of work waiting to crush me, like how Sun Wukong was crushed by Lord Tathāgata's gigantic hand and couldn't move an inch.
Usage notes
- In vợ chồng (“wife and husband”), cô chú (“paternal aunt and her husband”), cô cậu (“you girls and boys”), dì dượng (“maternal aunt and her husband; stepmother and stepfather”), the words for females always come first. In most other phrases, the words for males usually come first, except in certain poetic contexts (e.g. mẹ cha (“mum and dad”) as opposed to the usual cha mẹ (“dad and mum”)).
Derived terms
References
- ^ Shorto, H. A Mon-Khmer Comparative Dictionary, Ed. Paul Sidwell, 2006. p. 96