étudier

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See also: êtudier

French

Etymology

From Middle French estudier, from Old French estudier.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /e.ty.dje/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

étudier

  1. to study
    • 1881, author uncertain, Lyon Médical‎, page 564:
      Les premiers auteurs qui ont étudié ce phénomène, Taupin, Piorry, Hourmann (Revue médicale française et étrangère, juillet 1839), qui lui a donné le nom d’autophonie, Hornemann, ont eu le tort, d’après l’auteur, de donner à ce signe une signification symptomatique trop étendue, et de créer des variétés purement artificielles, en admettant l’autophonie normale, ægophonique, bronchophonique, etc.
      The first authors who studied this phenomenon, Taupin, Piorry, Hourmann (Revue médicale française et étrangère, July 1839), who gave it the name of autophony, Hornemann, had the mistake, according to the author, of giving this sign a symptomatic meaning that was too broad, and of creating purely artificial varieties, by admitting normal autophony, ægophonic, bronchophonic, etc.

Conjugation

Conjugation of étudier (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple étudier
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple étudiant
/e.ty.djɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle étudié
/e.ty.dje/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present étudie
/e.ty.di/ 		étudies
/e.ty.di/ 		étudie
/e.ty.di/ 		étudions
/e.ty.djɔ̃/ 		étudiez
/e.ty.dje/ 		étudient
/e.ty.di/
imperfect étudiais
/e.ty.djɛ/ 		étudiais
/e.ty.djɛ/ 		étudiait
/e.ty.djɛ/ 		étudiions
/e.ty.di.jɔ̃/ 		étudiiez
/e.ty.di.je/ 		étudiaient
/e.ty.djɛ/
past historic2 étudiai
/e.ty.dje/ 		étudias
/e.ty.dja/ 		étudia
/e.ty.dja/ 		étudiâmes
/e.ty.djam/ 		étudiâtes
/e.ty.djat/ 		étudièrent
/e.ty.djɛʁ/
future étudierai
/e.ty.di.ʁe/ 		étudieras
/e.ty.di.ʁa/ 		étudiera
/e.ty.di.ʁa/ 		étudierons
/e.ty.di.ʁɔ̃/ 		étudierez
/e.ty.di.ʁe/ 		étudieront
/e.ty.di.ʁɔ̃/
conditional étudierais
/e.ty.di.ʁɛ/ 		étudierais
/e.ty.di.ʁɛ/ 		étudierait
/e.ty.di.ʁɛ/ 		étudierions
/e.ty.di.ʁjɔ̃/ 		étudieriez
/e.ty.di.ʁje/ 		étudieraient
/e.ty.di.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present étudie
/e.ty.di/ 		étudies
/e.ty.di/ 		étudie
/e.ty.di/ 		étudiions
/e.ty.di.jɔ̃/ 		étudiiez
/e.ty.di.je/ 		étudient
/e.ty.di/
imperfect2 étudiasse
/e.ty.djas/ 		étudiasses
/e.ty.djas/ 		étudiât
/e.ty.dja/ 		étudiassions
/e.ty.dja.sjɔ̃/ 		étudiassiez
/e.ty.dja.sje/ 		étudiassent
/e.ty.djas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — étudie
/e.ty.di/ 		— étudions
/e.ty.djɔ̃/ 		étudiez
/e.ty.dje/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

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