αἰθήρ
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Ancient Greek
Etymology
From αἴθω (aíthō).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ai̯.tʰɛ̌ːr/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɛˈtʰe̝r/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɛˈθir/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /eˈθir/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /eˈθir/
Noun
αἰθήρ • (aithḗr) m (genitive αἰθέρος); third declension
- heaven
- aether; ether
- theoretical medium of great elasticity and extreme thinness of consistency supposed to fill all unoccupied space and transmit light and heat
- The upper or purer air as opposed to erebus (Ἔρεβος (Érebos)), the lower or dirtier air; the clear sky.
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ αἰθήρ ho aithḗr |
τὼ αἰθέρε tṑ aithére |
οἱ αἰθέρες hoi aithéres | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ αἰθέρος toû aithéros |
τοῖν αἰθέροιν toîn aithéroin |
τῶν αἰθέρων tôn aithérōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ αἰθέρῐ tôi aithéri |
τοῖν αἰθέροιν toîn aithéroin |
τοῖς αἰθέρσῐ / αἰθέρσῐν toîs aithérsi(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν αἰθέρᾰ tòn aithéra |
τὼ αἰθέρε tṑ aithére |
τοὺς αἰθέρᾰς toùs aithéras | ||||||||||
| Vocative | αἰθήρ aithḗr |
αἰθέρε aithére |
αἰθέρες aithéres | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ὑπαίθριος (hupaíthrios)
Descendants
- Greek: αιθήρ (aithír); αιθέρας (aithéras)
- → Arabic: أَثِير (ʔaṯīr, “air”)
- → Bulgarian: етер (eter)
- → Hebrew: אתר (eter)
- → Latin: aethēr (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Armenian: եթեր (etʻer)
- → Armenian: եթեր (etʻer) (learned)
- → Persian: اثیر (asir)
- → Polish: eter
- → Russian: эфи́р (efír)
- → Bulgarian: ефир (efir)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
- → Ukrainian: ефі́р (efír), ете́р (etér)
References
- “αἰθήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “αἰθήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “αἰθήρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- αἰθήρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- αἰθήρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- αἰθήρ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “αἰθήρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, pages 21, 284
- “αἰθήρ”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011