γάιδαρος
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Greek
Alternative forms
More than 40 dialectal/regional variations of root γ-δ-ρ found.
- γάδαρος m (gádaros) (dialectal modern, also Hellenistic and Medieval)
- γαΐδαρος m (gaḯdaros) (dated, also Medieval)
- γαϊδούρι n (gaïdoúri) (frequent variant)
- Also, see Synonyms for more dialectal words
Etymology
From Hellenistic Koine Greek γάδαρος (gádaros) of 2nd century CE.[1] Medieval γάιδαρος (gáidaros)/γάδαρος (gádaros)/γαΐδαρος (gaḯdaros)[2] or γαϊδάριον (gaïdárion)[3]
Origin theories:
- Uncertain, obscure: from Arabic غَيْذَار (ḡayḏār) with proposed meaning “harshness, oppression”.[4]
- Based on the form γαύδαρος (gávdaros), the same word as Arabic كَوْدَن (kawdan, “beast of burden, particularly a mule or hinny”),[5] which see for more, a word then also present in Khotanese (khaḍara, “mule”),[6] alleged source of Turkish katır (“mule”), Kazakh қашыр (qaşyr, “mule”) etc.
- Or from Hindi ghádar, gadarō or gadaró meaning “gypsy”.[7]
- Not from γαϊδούρι (gaïdoúri) < (καρ)γαδούρι ((kar)gadoúri) from cargatore (literally “carrier”) from cargar (“to load onto oneself”)[8]
- Not from the Ancient Greek γάδος (gádos, “cod”), common name: γαϊδουρόψαρο (gaïdourópsaro).
Pronunciation
Noun
γάιδαρος • (gáidaros) m (plural γάιδαροι, feminine γαϊδούρα or γαϊδάρα)
- donkey, ass, Equus asinus
- (colloquial, derogatory, figuratively) lout, boor, ass, jackass, pig, jerk (an uncultred, ill-bred man)
- Τι γάιδαρος ήταν ο αδελφός της, που δεν μας είπε ούτε ένα «γεια»!
- Ti gáidaros ítan o adelfós tis, pou den mas eípe oúte éna «geia»!
- What a boor her brother was, he didn't even say "hi" to us!
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | γάιδαρος (gáidaros) | γάιδαροι (gáidaroi) |
| genitive | γαϊδάρου (gaïdárou) | γαϊδάρων (gaïdáron) |
| accusative | γάιδαρο (gáidaro) | γαϊδάρους (gaïdárous) |
| vocative | γάιδαρε (gáidare) | γάιδαροι (gáidaroi) |
Synonyms
- ἀείδαρος m (aeídaros) (Medieval, by false etymology)[9]
- όνος m (ónos) (formal, archaic)
- dialectal/regional:
- γομάρι n (gomári) colloquial, regional, from Ancient Greek γόμος (gómos) (14 variations) (see also حِمَار (ḥimār))
- γάνταρος (15 variations), γάζος (7 variations), γκάφαλος, γκανέτσος
- γάρος (in Cyprus)
- with root βαστ- from βαστώ (vastó, “I hold, carry”): βασταγός 9 variations at the Peloponnese
- ασίνο from Latin asinus
- μερκέπι from Turkish merkep
- φορτύκι: φορτ- root from φέρω (féro) (I bear, carry), 4 variations in Corfu island.
- (jocular) κυρ- (kyr-)Μέντιος (Méntios) from Μενδαῖος ὄνος, of the city Μένδη (Méndē)
- see also Alternatives
Derived terms
From γαϊδαρ-
- γαϊδάρα f (gaïdára, “she-ass”)
- γαϊδαράκος m (gaïdarákos, diminutive)
From γαϊδουρ-
- γαϊδούρα f (gaïdoúra)
- γαϊδουράγκαθο n (gaïdourágkatho, “Scotch thistle”)
- γαϊδουράκι n (gaïdouráki, diminutive)
- γαϊδουράκος m (gaïdourákos, diminutive)
- γαϊδουριά f (gaïdouriá, “rudeness, discourtesy”)
- γαϊδουρινός (gaïdourinós, “loutish”)
- γαϊδουρίσιος (gaïdourísios, adjective)
- γαϊδουρόβηχας m (gaïdouróvichas, “extreme coughing”)
- γαϊδουρογάιδαρος m (gaïdourogáidaros, superlative sense)
- γαϊδουρογυρεύω (gaïdourogyrévo, “to donkey-search”, literally “search in vain”) (in proverbs)
- γαϊδουροδένω (gaïdourodéno, “to tie a donkey”) (in proverbs)
- γαϊδουροκαβαλαρία f (gaïdourokavalaría, “donkey cavalry”)
- γαϊδουροκαλόκαιρο n (gaïdourokalókairo, “at the summer's hottest”)
- γαϊδουρολάτης m (gaïdourolátis, “donkey guide”)
- γαϊδουρομούλαρο n (gaïdouromoúlaro, “mule with donkey mother, horse father”)
- γαϊδουροτόμαρο n (gaïdourotómaro, “donkey skin”)
- γαϊδουρότριχα f (gaïdourótricha, “hair of donkey”)
- γαϊδουροφωνάρα f (gaïdourofonára, “extremely loud voice”)
- γαϊδουρόψαρο n (gaïdourópsaro, “cod”) (colloquial)
Expressions with both γάιδαρος or γαϊδούρι
- γάιδαρος/γαϊδούρι ξεκαπίστρωτο (xekapístroto)
- γάιδαρος/γαϊδούρι ξεσαμάρωτο (xesamároto)
Expressions with γάιδαρος
Derived terms
- γάιδαρος με περικεφαλαία (gáidaros me perikefalaía)
- δένω τον γάιδαρό μου (déno ton gáidaró mou, “to consolidate one's position”) (literally: "to tie one's donkey")
- κατά φωνή κι ο γάιδαρος (katá foní ki o gáidaros, “talk of the devil”) (literally: "by voice, here's the donkey")
- σκάω γάιδαρο (skáo gáidaro, “to try someone's patience, to drive someone mad”) (literally: "to burst a donkey")
Expressions with γαϊδουρ-
Derived terms
- γαϊδουρινή υπομονή (ypomoní)
- κάλλιο γαϊδουρόδενε παρά γαϊδουρογύρευε (kállio gaïdouródene pará gaïdourogýreve, “a stitch in time saves nine”) (literally: "better to tie your donkey up than to be looking for it")
- Κυπραίικο γαϊδούρι n (Kypraíiko gaïdoúri)
- μακριά γαϊδούρα f (makriá gaïdoúra)
- πετάει ο γάιδαρος; (petáei o gáidaros?)
Proverbs with γάιδαρος
Derived terms
- δυο γάιδαροι μαλώνανε σε ξένον αχυρώνα (dyo gáidaroi malónane se xénon achyróna) (about people who quarrel over things they do not own) (literally: "two donkeys were fighting in a stranger's barn")
- είπε ο γάιδαρος τον πετεινό κεφάλα (eípe o gáidaros ton peteinó kefála, “the pot calling the kettle black”) (literally: "the donkey called the rooster big-headed")
- ήταν στραβό το κλήμα, τό 'φαγε κι ο γάιδαρος (ítan stravó to klíma, tó 'fage ki o gáidaros, “the final nail in the coffin”) (literally: "the vine was crooked, then the donkey ate it")
- κάποιου του χαρίζανε γάιδαρο κι αυτός τον κοίταζε στα δόντια (kápoiou tou charízane gáidaro ki aftós ton koítaze sta dóntia, “Don't look a gift horse in the mouth”) (about nitpickers) (literally: "they were gifting someone a donkey and he/she was looking at its teeth")
- μαντζουράνα στο κατώφλι, γάιδαρος στα κεραμίδια (mantzourána sto katófli, gáidaros sta keramídia) (about illogical things) (literally: "marjoram on the doorstep and donkey on the roof tiles")
- (σιγά) μη στάξει η ουρά του γαϊδάρου (mi stáxei i ourá tou gaïdárou) (about people who pay attention to lesser details when there are more important things to care about) (literally: "don't make water drip off the donkey's tail")
- παλιός γάιδαρος καινούρια περπατησιά δε μαθαίνει (paliós gáidaros kainoúria perpatisiá de mathaínei, “you can't teach an old dog new tricks”) (literally: "an old donkey doesn't learn a new way of walking")
- φάγαμε τον γάιδαρο, στην ουρά θα σταματήσουμε; (fágame ton gáidaro, stin ourá tha stamatísoume?) (about situations in which the better part of the evil has been done and stopping would be illogical) (literally: "we've eaten the donkey, are we going to stop at the tail?")
Related terms
References
- ^ γάδαρος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2018)
- ^ γάιδαρος - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)
- ^ γαϊδάριον is found:
* at Liddell-Scott and DGE at LOGEION.
* It is mentioned at many dictionaries of Modern Greek (Institute Triantafyllidis, Babiniotis). - ^ Arabic origin from ga(i)dar, mentioned in:
*γάιδαρος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής , Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
* γάιδαρος - Babiniotis, Georgios (2002) Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας: [Dictionary of Modern Greek (language)] (in Greek), 2nd edition, Athens: Kentro Lexikologias , 1st edition 1998, →ISBN.
* Liddell-Scott at LOGEION - ^ Lagarde, Paul de (1866) Gesammelte Abhandlungen (in German), Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, pages 54–55 Nr. 142
- ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 70b–71a
- ^ Hindi origin meaning “gypsy” mentioned at γάιδαρος - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.).
His source: Karapatosoglou, Kostas (1984)Κυπριακά έτυμα - ^ γάιδαρος at en.academic.com retr:2018.08.03.
- ^ αείδαρος - Kriaras, Emmanuel (1969-) Επιτομή του Λεξικού της Μεσαιωνικής Ελληνικής Δημώδους Γραμματείας (Epitomí tou Lexikoú tis Mesaionikís Ellinikís Dimódous Grammateías) [Concise Dictionary of the Kriaras' Dictionary of Medieval Vulgar Greek Literature (1100–1669) Vols. 1–14. Vols 15- under I. Kazazes.)] (in Greek), Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek language Online edition (abbreviations) Printed edition 2022: 22 vols.)
Further reading
γάιδαρος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
