κίω

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *keyh₂- (“to start to move”). Cognate with Latin cieō (“to set in motion, invoke”)[1] (though not Sanskrit च्यवते (cyavate), as was traditionally assumed).

Pronunciation

 

Verb

κῐ́ω • (kíō)

  1. to go
    • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 680:
      ἐπείπερ ἄλλως, ὦ ξέν’, εἰς Ἄργος κίεις...
      epeíper állōs, ô xén’, eis Árgos kíeis...
      Stranger, since anyway you are going to Argos...
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.50:
      σὺ δ’ ἔσω κίε, μηδέ τι θυμῷ τάρβει:
      sù d’ ésō kíe, mēdé ti thumôi tárbei:
      But do not be afraid; go straight in.
    • 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 1068:
      αἰακτὸς ἐς δόμους κίε:
      aiaktòs es dómous kíe:
      With sounds of wailing go to your homes.
    • 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 852:
      λεῖφ’ ἕδρανα, κί’ ἐς δόρυ
      leîph’ hédrana, kí’ es dóru
      Leave here and go aboard!
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.311:
      δῶρον ἔχων ἐπὶ νῆα κίῃς, χαίρων ἐνὶ θυμῷ
      dôron ékhōn epì nêa kíēis, khaírōn enì thumôi
      I will then give you a present, and you shall go on your way rejoicing.
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.42:
      ἐκ πόλιος δ’ ἀλόχους καὶ κτήματα πολλὰ λαβόντες δασσάμεθ’, ὡς μή τίς μοι ἀτεμβόμενος κίοι ἴσης:
      ek pólios d’ alókhous kaì ktḗmata pollà labóntes dassámeth’, hōs mḗ tís moi atembómenos kíoi ísēs:
      We took their wives and also much booty, which we divided equitably amongst us, so that none might have reason to complain (go complaining to me).
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.147:
      τοὺς δὲ μετ’ Ἀτρεΐδης ἔκιε ξανθὸς Μενέλαος, οἶνον ἔχων ἐν χειρὶ μελίφρονα δεξιτερῆφι, ἐν δέπαϊ χρυσέῳ, ὄφρα λείψαντε κιοίτην:
      toùs dè met’ Atreḯdēs ékie xanthòs Menélaos, oînon ékhōn en kheirì melíphrona dexiterêphi, en dépaï khruséōi, óphra leípsante kioítēn:
      and Menelaus came after them with a golden goblet of wine in his right hand that they might make a drink-offering before they set out.
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.347:
      Ζεὺς τό γ’ ἀλεξήσειε καὶ ἀθάνατοι θεοὶ ἄλλοι, ὡς ὑμεῖς παρ’ ἐμεῖο θοὴν ἐπὶ νῆα κίοιτε:
      Zeùs tó g’ alexḗseie kaì athánatoi theoì álloi, hōs humeîs par’ emeîo thoḕn epì nêa kíoite:
      May heaven and the immortal gods forbid that you should leave my house to go on board of a ship.
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.427:
      πολλὰ δέ μοι κραδίη πόρφυρε κιόντι:
      pollà dé moi kradíē pórphure kiónti:
      and my heart was clouded with care as I went along.
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 21.456:
      νῶϊ δὲ ἄψορροι κίομεν κεκοτηότι θυμῷ:
      nôï dè ápsorrhoi kíomen kekotēóti thumôi:
      So we two went back with angry hearts.
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.565:
      τοῖσι δ’ ἅμ’ Εὐρύαλος τρίτατος κίεν ἰσόθεος φὼς, Μηκιστέος υἱὸς Ταλαϊονίδαο ἄνακτος:
      toîsi d’ hám’ Eurúalos trítatos kíen isótheos phṑs, Mēkistéos huiòs Talaïonídao ánaktos:
      And with them came a third, Euryalus, a godlike warrior, son of king Mecisteus, son of Talaus.
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.271:
      γέρων δ’ ἰθὺς κίεν οἴκου
      gérōn d’ ithùs kíen oíkou
      but the old man went straight toward the house
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.509:
      τῶν μὲν πεντήκοντα νέες κίον, ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῃ κοῦροι Βοιωτῶν ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι βαῖνον.
      tôn mèn pentḗkonta nées kíon, en dè hekástēi koûroi Boiōtôn hekatòn kaì eíkosi baînon.
      Of these there came fifty ships, and on board of each went young men of the Boeotians an hundred and twenty.
    • 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 426c:
      ἡ δὲ ἀρχὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ ‘κίειν’ —ξενικὸν δὲ τοὔνομα—τοῦτο δ’ ἐστὶν ἰέναι.
      hē dè arkhḕ apò toû ‘kíein’ —xenikòn dè toúnoma—toûto d’ estìn iénai.
      and the root is "kiein", which is a foreign form, the same as "ienai".
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.257:
      χεύαντες δὲ τὸ σῆμα πάλιν κίον.
      kheúantes dè tò sêma pálin kíon.
      And when they had piled the barrow, they set them to go back again.

Usage notes

  • Mostly used (always in the imperfect) by Homer.
  • Usually of persons, rarely of things.

Inflection

   Present: κῐ́ω
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative κῐ́ω κῐ́εις κῐ́ει κῐ́ετον κῐ́ετον κῐ́ομεν κῐ́ετε κῐ́ουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive κῐ́ω κῐ́ῃς κῐ́ῃ κῐ́ητον κῐ́ητον κῐ́ωμεν κῐ́ητε κῐ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative κῐ́οιμῐ κῐ́οις κῐ́οι κῐ́οιτον κῐοίτην κῐ́οιμεν κῐ́οιτε κῐ́οιεν
imperative   κῐ́ε κῐέτω κῐ́ετον κῐέτων   κῐ́ετε κῐόντων
active
infinitive κῐ́ειν
participle m κῐών
f κῐοῦσα
n κῐόν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔκῐον
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔκῐον ἔκῐες ἔκῐε(ν) ἐκῐ́ετον ἐκῐέτην ἐκῐ́ομεν ἐκῐ́ετε ἔκῐον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: κῐ́ον (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative κῐ́ον κῐ́ες κῐ́ε(ν) κῐ́ετον κῐέτην κῐ́ομεν κῐ́ετε κῐ́ον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κίω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 707

Further reading

  • “κίω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • κίον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • “κίω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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