μαρμαίρω

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

Apparently a reduplicated intensive yod-present verb *μαρ-μαρ-ι̯ω (*mar-mar-i̯ō) from a root form *μᾰρ- (*mar-), of uncertain ultimate origin.

Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to sparkle, glimmer, gleam”); an analysis by Tichy suggests an onomatopoeic origin for the Greek and similar words across Indo-European, which may or may not have been inherited. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “What comparanda does Tichy use? Beekes mentions Tichy but nothing more.”) Beekes thus prefers to take the word as Pre-Greek, particularly with the adducement of ᾰ̓μᾰρῠ́σσω (amarússō, “to sparkle, twinkle”), which has a prothetic vowel, as related.

The word has been compared to Sanskrit मरीचि (márīci, “particulate light; shining mote”), मुर्मुर (múrmura; múrmara (v.l.), “burning chaff; dying embers”) and Latin merus. Beekes rejects the connection with मरीचि (márīci) (and doesn't give an opinion on the other comparisons), taking the view that *a didn't exist in Proto-Indo-European, and thus considering an inherited connection between Sanskrit मर् (mar) and Greek *μαρ- (*mar-) untenable. He does, however, consider a connection with μᾰρῑ́λη (marī́lē, “coaldust”) and μᾰρῐεύς (marieús, “stone that takes fire when water is poured on it”) likely.[1]

See also μάρμαρος (mármaros, “marble”), which may be related.

Pronunciation

 

Verb

μᾰρμαίρω • (marmaírō)

  1. (especially of metal) to flash, sparkle, glisten, gleam

Inflection

   Present: μᾰρμαίρω, μᾰρμαίρομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative μᾰρμαίρω μᾰρμαίρεις μᾰρμαίρει μᾰρμαίρετον μᾰρμαίρετον μᾰρμαίρομεν μᾰρμαίρετε μᾰρμαίρουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive μᾰρμαίρω μᾰρμαίρῃς μᾰρμαίρῃ μᾰρμαίρητον μᾰρμαίρητον μᾰρμαίρωμεν μᾰρμαίρητε μᾰρμαίρωσῐ(ν)
optative μᾰρμαίροιμῐ μᾰρμαίροις μᾰρμαίροι μᾰρμαίροιτον μᾰρμαιροίτην μᾰρμαίροιμεν μᾰρμαίροιτε μᾰρμαίροιεν
imperative   μᾰ́ρμαιρε μᾰρμαιρέτω μᾰρμαίρετον μᾰρμαιρέτων   μᾰρμαίρετε μᾰρμαιρόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative μᾰρμαίρομαι μᾰρμαίρῃ,
μᾰρμαίρει 		μᾰρμαίρεται μᾰρμαίρεσθον μᾰρμαίρεσθον μᾰρμαιρόμεθᾰ μᾰρμαίρεσθε μᾰρμαίρονται
subjunctive μᾰρμαίρωμαι μᾰρμαίρῃ μᾰρμαίρηται μᾰρμαίρησθον μᾰρμαίρησθον μᾰρμαιρώμεθᾰ μᾰρμαίρησθε μᾰρμαίρωνται
optative μᾰρμαιροίμην μᾰρμαίροιο μᾰρμαίροιτο μᾰρμαίροισθον μᾰρμαιροίσθην μᾰρμαιροίμεθᾰ μᾰρμαίροισθε μᾰρμαίροιντο
imperative   μᾰρμαίρου μᾰρμαιρέσθω μᾰρμαίρεσθον μᾰρμαιρέσθων   μᾰρμαίρεσθε μᾰρμαιρέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive μᾰρμαίρειν μᾰρμαίρεσθαι
participle m μᾰρμαίρων μᾰρμαιρόμενος
f μᾰρμαίρουσᾰ μᾰρμαιρομένη
n μᾰρμαῖρον μᾰρμαιρόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: μᾰρμαίρεσκον, μᾰρμαιρεσκόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative μᾰρμαίρεσκον μᾰρμαίρεσκες μᾰρμαίρεσκε(ν) μᾰρμαιρέσκετον μᾰρμαιρεσκέτην μᾰρμαιρέσκομεν μᾰρμαιρέσκετε μᾰρμαίρεσκον
middle/
passive 		indicative μᾰρμαιρεσκόμην μᾰρμαιρέσκου μᾰρμαιρέσκετο μᾰρμαιρέσκεσθον μᾰρμαιρεσκέσθην μᾰρμαιρεσκόμεθᾰ μᾰρμαιρέσκεσθε μᾰρμαιρέσκοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Descendants

  • Greek: μαρμαίρω (marmaíro)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μαρμαίρω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 906-7

Further reading

Wikious
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