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Ancient Greek
Etymology
Unknown.[1] The cluster /stʰ/ is unusual for Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European. However several hypotheses for an Indo-European derivation exist:
Cognate with Old Englishstīþ(“hard, cruel, violent”) (Englishstith(“stiff, hard”)), from Proto-Indo-European *stHen-.[2] This assumes that a sequence *-TH- could result in Greek -θ-(-th-), which is disputed.
Cognate with Proto-Germanic*swinþaz(“strong”) (and possibly also *sundaz(“healthy”)) through the root of *segaz(“victory”);[2] from a Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰwr̥, *sǵʰwén-(“power, overpowering”) which is inferred from various derivatives.
From the zero-grade*sgʷʰ- of a root *segʷʰ-(“to be strong”), whence also Sanskritसघ्नोति(saghnóti, “to be a match for, be equal to (a task)”), क्षम्(kṣam, “to endure, resist; forgive”) and Avestan𐬀𐬰𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀(a-zg-ata, “irresistible (?)”), plus an uncertain suffix *-énos.[1]