лишний

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Russian

Etymology

Derived from лихо́й (lixój).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

ли́шний (líšnij)

  1. extra, spare (reserve, backup, free, unused)
    Synonyms: (partial) дополни́тельный (dopolnítelʹnyj), (partial) свобо́дный (svobódnyj)
    ли́шний ключlíšnij ključspare key
    ли́шнее ме́стоlíšneje méstospare place
  2. excess, unnecessary, superfluous, redundant, too much, surplus (more than what is necessary and/or desirable)
    Synonyms: избы́точный (izbýtočnyj), (partial) изли́шний (izlíšnij), (partial) нену́жный (nenúžnyj)
    ли́шний жирlíšnij žirexcess fat
    ли́шний весlíšnij vesexcess weight
    ли́шнее внима́ниеlíšneje vnimánijeunwanted attention
    • 1850, Иван Тургенев [Ivan Turgenev], “23 марта”, in Дневник лишнего человека; English translation from Constance Garnett, transl., The Diary of a Superfluous Man, 1899:
      Ли́шний, ли́шний… Отли́чное э́то приду́мал я сло́во. Чем глу́бже я вника́ю в самого́ себя́, чем внима́тельнее рассма́триваю всю свою́ проше́дшую жизнь, тем бо́лее убежда́юсь в стро́гой и́стине э́того выраже́нья. Ли́шний — и́менно.
      Líšnij, líšnij… Otlíčnoje éto pridúmal ja slóvo. Čem glúbže ja vnikáju v samovó sebjá, čem vnimátelʹneje rassmátrivaju vsju svojú prošédšuju žiznʹ, tem bóleje ubeždájusʹ v strógoj ístine étovo vyražénʹja. Líšnij — ímenno.
      Superfluous, superfluous.... That's a capital word I have hit on. The more deeply I probe into myself, the more intently I review all my past life, the more I am convinced of the strict truth of this expression. Superfluous--that's just it.
  3. yet another, yet (an) additional (in addition to what was thought to be all)
    Synonym: (partial) очередно́й (očerednój)
    ли́шний разlíšnij razonce again

Declension