открыть

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Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic отъкрꙑти (otŭkryti, “to uncover, unfold; to reveal, disclose”), from Proto-Slavic *otъkryti, from *otъ- +‎ *kryti (“to cover, hide”). By surface analysis, от- (ot-) +‎ крыть (krytʹ).

The sense "to discover" is a calque of French découvrir or German entdecken.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɨtʲ

Verb

откры́ть • (otkrýtʹ) pf (imperfective открыва́ть, verbal noun откры́тие)

  1. to open
  2. to turn on
  3. to discover
  4. to disclose
  5. to reveal
  6. to unveil
  7. to inaugurate

Conjugation

Conjugation of откры́ть (class 12a perfective transitive)
Note: For declension of participles, see their entries. Adverbial participles are indeclinable.
△ Irregular.
perfective aspect
infinitive откры́ть
otkrýtʹ
participles present tense past tense
active — откры́вший
otkrývšij
passive — откры́тый
otkrýtyj
adverbial — откры́в
otkrýv,
откры́вши
otkrývši
present tense future tense
1st singular (я) — откро́ю△
otkróju△
2nd singular (ты) — откро́ешь△
otkróješʹ△
3rd singular (он/она́/оно́) — откро́ет△
otkrójet△
1st plural (мы) — откро́ем△
otkrójem△
2nd plural (вы) — откро́ете△
otkrójete△
3rd plural (они́) — откро́ют△
otkrójut△
imperative singular plural
откро́й△
otkrój△		 откро́йте△
otkrójte△
past tense singular plural
(мы/вы/они́)
masculine (я/ты/он) откры́л
otkrýl		 откры́ли
otkrýli
feminine (я/ты/она́) откры́ла
otkrýla
neuter (оно́) откры́ло
otkrýlo
Pre-reform conjugation of откры́ть (class 12a perfective transitive)
Note: For declension of participles, see their entries. Adverbial participles are indeclinable.
△ Irregular.
perfective aspect
infinitive откры́ть
otkrýtʹ
participles present tense past tense
active — откры́вшій
otkrývšij
passive — откры́тый
otkrýtyj
adverbial — откры́въ
otkrýv,
откры́вши
otkrývši
present tense future tense
1st singular (я) — откро́ю△
otkróju△
2nd singular (ты) — откро́ешь△
otkróješʹ△
3rd singular (он/она́/оно́) — откро́етъ△
otkrójet△
1st plural (мы) — откро́емъ△
otkrójem△
2nd plural (вы) — откро́ете△
otkrójete△
3rd plural (они́) — откро́ютъ△
otkrójut△
imperative singular plural
откро́й△
otkrój△		 откро́йте△
otkrójte△
past tense singular plural
(мы/вы/они́)
masculine (я/ты/он) откры́лъ
otkrýl		 откры́ли
otkrýli
feminine (я/ты/она́) откры́ла
otkrýla
neuter (оно́) откры́ло
otkrýlo

Synonyms

Antonyms

References

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “открыть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902) “отъкрꙑти”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 791
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