جمهورية
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Arabic
| Root |
|---|
| ج م ه ر (j m h r) |
| 3 terms |
Etymology 1
Relative noun (nisba) composed of جُمْهُور (jumhūr, “crowd, public”) + ـِيَّة (-iyya), a calque of Latin rēs pūblica after the French Revolution 1789, first in Ottoman Turkish جمهوریت (cumhuriyet), at the beginning used for the new ideology of republicanism, while جُمْهُور (jumhūr) was used earlier already for states like the Republic of Venice – an invention of Turkish diplomacy: the Classical Arabic translation for Latin rēs pūblica and Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía) was مَدِينَة (madīna), and the ideological parallel development was represented by the خِلَافَة (ḵilāfa) having an elective head of state subject to the rule of law – and this nisba meaning the form of government only became definite in the middle of the 19th century and broadly known with the rise of Pan-Arabism during World War I. An Arab Jumhuriya was proclaimed in Italian-ruled Tripoli in November 1919; however Azerbaijan came before, in May 1918.
Pronunciation
Noun
جُمْهُورِيَّة • (jumhūriyya) f (plural جُمْهُورِيَّات (jumhūriyyāt))
Declension
Declension of noun جُمْهُورِيَّة (jumhūriyya)
| Singular | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | جُمْهُورِيَّة jumhūriyya |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّة al-jumhūriyya |
جُمْهُورِيَّة jumhūriyyat |
| Nominative | جُمْهُورِيَّةٌ jumhūriyyatun |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّةُ al-jumhūriyyatu |
جُمْهُورِيَّةُ jumhūriyyatu |
| Accusative | جُمْهُورِيَّةً jumhūriyyatan |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّةَ al-jumhūriyyata |
جُمْهُورِيَّةَ jumhūriyyata |
| Genitive | جُمْهُورِيَّةٍ jumhūriyyatin |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّةِ al-jumhūriyyati |
جُمْهُورِيَّةِ jumhūriyyati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | جُمْهُورِيَّتَيْن jumhūriyyatayn |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّتَيْن al-jumhūriyyatayn |
جُمْهُورِيَّتَيْ jumhūriyyatay |
| Nominative | جُمْهُورِيَّتَانِ jumhūriyyatāni |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّتَانِ al-jumhūriyyatāni |
جُمْهُورِيَّتَا jumhūriyyatā |
| Accusative | جُمْهُورِيَّتَيْنِ jumhūriyyatayni |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّتَيْنِ al-jumhūriyyatayni |
جُمْهُورِيَّتَيْ jumhūriyyatay |
| Genitive | جُمْهُورِيَّتَيْنِ jumhūriyyatayni |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّتَيْنِ al-jumhūriyyatayni |
جُمْهُورِيَّتَيْ jumhūriyyatay |
| Plural | sound feminine plural | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | جُمْهُورِيَّات jumhūriyyāt |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّات al-jumhūriyyāt |
جُمْهُورِيَّات jumhūriyyāt |
| Nominative | جُمْهُورِيَّاتٌ jumhūriyyātun |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّاتُ al-jumhūriyyātu |
جُمْهُورِيَّاتُ jumhūriyyātu |
| Accusative | جُمْهُورِيَّاتٍ jumhūriyyātin |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّاتِ al-jumhūriyyāti |
جُمْهُورِيَّاتِ jumhūriyyāti |
| Genitive | جُمْهُورِيَّاتٍ jumhūriyyātin |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّاتِ al-jumhūriyyāti |
جُمْهُورِيَّاتِ jumhūriyyāti |
Derived terms
- جَمَاهِيرِيَّة (jamāhīriyya)
Descendants
- → Avar: жумгьурият (žumhurijat)
- → Azerbaijani: cümhuriyyət
- → Bengali: জমহুরিয়ত (jômhuriyôt)
- → Dhivehi: ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ (jum̊hūriyyā)
- → Hausa: jàmhūr̃iyā̀
- → Hindi: जम्हूरिया (jamhūriyā), जम्हूरियत (jamhūriyat)
- → Kazakh: жұмхұрият (jūmxūriät)
- Kurdish:
- → Central Kurdish: جمھوریەت (cimhuryet)
- → Northern Kurdish: cimhûriyet
- → Kyrgyz: жумурият (jumuriyat)
- → Mazanderani: جوموری
- → Pashto: جمهوريت (jamhuryat)
- → Persian: جمهوری (jomhuri)
- → Somali: jamhuuriyadda
- → Swahili: jamhuri
- → Tatar: җөмһүрият (cömhüriyat)
- → Turkish: cumhuriyet
- → Tajik: ҷумҳурӣ (jumhuri)
- → Urdu: جمہوریہ (jumhūriyā), جمہوریت (jamhūriyat)
- → Uyghur: جۇمھۇرىيەت (jumhuriyet)
- → Uzbek: jumhuriyat
Further reading
جمهورية on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia ar- Lewis, Bernard (1965) “Djumhūriyya”, in Encyclopaedia of Islam. Second Edition, volume 2, Leiden: Brill, pages 594–595
Etymology 2
Noun
جُمْهُورِيَّة • (jumhūriyya) f (plural جُمْهُورِيَّات (jumhūriyyāt), masculine جُمْهُورِيّ (jumhūriyy))
- female equivalent of جُمْهُورِيّ (jumhūriyy)
Declension
Declension of noun جُمْهُورِيَّة (jumhūriyya)
| Singular | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | جُمْهُورِيَّة jumhūriyya |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّة al-jumhūriyya |
جُمْهُورِيَّة jumhūriyyat |
| Nominative | جُمْهُورِيَّةٌ jumhūriyyatun |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّةُ al-jumhūriyyatu |
جُمْهُورِيَّةُ jumhūriyyatu |
| Accusative | جُمْهُورِيَّةً jumhūriyyatan |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّةَ al-jumhūriyyata |
جُمْهُورِيَّةَ jumhūriyyata |
| Genitive | جُمْهُورِيَّةٍ jumhūriyyatin |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّةِ al-jumhūriyyati |
جُمْهُورِيَّةِ jumhūriyyati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | جُمْهُورِيَّتَيْن jumhūriyyatayn |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّتَيْن al-jumhūriyyatayn |
جُمْهُورِيَّتَيْ jumhūriyyatay |
| Nominative | جُمْهُورِيَّتَانِ jumhūriyyatāni |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّتَانِ al-jumhūriyyatāni |
جُمْهُورِيَّتَا jumhūriyyatā |
| Accusative | جُمْهُورِيَّتَيْنِ jumhūriyyatayni |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّتَيْنِ al-jumhūriyyatayni |
جُمْهُورِيَّتَيْ jumhūriyyatay |
| Genitive | جُمْهُورِيَّتَيْنِ jumhūriyyatayni |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّتَيْنِ al-jumhūriyyatayni |
جُمْهُورِيَّتَيْ jumhūriyyatay |
| Plural | sound feminine plural | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | جُمْهُورِيَّات jumhūriyyāt |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّات al-jumhūriyyāt |
جُمْهُورِيَّات jumhūriyyāt |
| Nominative | جُمْهُورِيَّاتٌ jumhūriyyātun |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّاتُ al-jumhūriyyātu |
جُمْهُورِيَّاتُ jumhūriyyātu |
| Accusative | جُمْهُورِيَّاتٍ jumhūriyyātin |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّاتِ al-jumhūriyyāti |
جُمْهُورِيَّاتِ jumhūriyyāti |
| Genitive | جُمْهُورِيَّاتٍ jumhūriyyātin |
الْجُمْهُورِيَّاتِ al-jumhūriyyāti |
جُمْهُورِيَّاتِ jumhūriyyāti |
Adjective
جُمْهُورِيَّة • (jumhūriyya) f
- feminine singular of جُمْهُورِيّ (jumhūriyy)