عفص

Borrowed into Arabic from Aramaic עַפְצָא (ʿap̄ṣā) / ܥܱܦܨܳܐ (ʿap̄ṣā), absolute state עֲפֶץ (ʿap̄eṣ), itself treated as a later variant of אַפְצָא (ʾap̄ṣā) / ܐܱܦܨܳܐ (ʾap̄ṣā), absolute state אֲפֶץ (ʾap̄eṣ). The Arabic verbs are denominal, from the use of the idea of oakgalls being a powerful astringent, used in medicine and tanning. Arabic عَصَفَ (ʕaṣafa, “to hit on; to blow violently”) is metathetical to this denominal verb with its ideas of violence and after the inflation of an oakgall. Distantly related to the root ع ص ر (ʕ-ṣ-r) which also exists in Aramaic.

عَفْص • (ʕafṣ) m (collective, singulative عَفْصَة f (ʕafṣa))

1. gall-nut, oak-gall

   Coordinate term: تَاكُوت (tākūt)

2. gall-oak (Quercus lusitanica and other species)

• → Tigre: አፈስ (ʾäfäs)

عَفَصَ • (ʕafaṣa) I (non-past يَعْفِصُ (yaʕfiṣu), verbal noun عَفْص (ʕafṣ))

1. to tie up, to wring, to squish
2. to defeat in battle
3. to rape, to sard forcefully

عَفَّصَ • (ʕaffaṣa) II (non-past يُعَفِّصُ (yuʕaffiṣu), verbal noun تَعْفِيص (taʕfīṣ))

1. to tincture with oakgall

عَفِص • (ʕafiṣ)

1. acrid, of astringent taste

• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 876
• Freytag, Georg (1835) “عفص”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 185a–b
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “عفص”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 299b–300a
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “عفص”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 731a

From Arabic عَفَصَ (ʕafaṣa, “to compress, to squeeze”).

• IPA^(key): /ʕaf.fasˤ/

عفص • (ʕaffaṣ) II (non-past يِعَفِّص (yiʕaffiṣ))

1. to squish, to squash

   Synonym: فَعَّص (faʕʕaṣ)

   ليش عَفَّصْتْ المخدّة؟

   lēš ʕaffaṣt almaḵadda?

   why did you squish the pillow?

• عَصَر (ʕaṣar, “to squeeze”)
• ضَغَط (ḍaḡaṭ, “to compress, to push”)