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The Proto-Kartvelian*ḳalmax-(“fish”) reconstructed by some within the controversial Nostratic theory is based on the Svan alone, does not take into consideration the Armenian material, and is unreliable.
^ Marr, N. (1910) “კალმახა”, in Грамматика чанского (лазского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 2) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 151a
^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “կարմիր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 559a
↑ 5.05.1Klimov, G. A. (1963) “Об этимологической методике Карла Боуды (На материале кавказских языков) ”, in Этимология, Moscow: Nauka, page 272 of 268–274
^ Starostin, S. A. (2005) “*ḳalmax-”, in Kartvelian etymological database compiled on the basis of G. Klimov's and Fähnrich-Sarjveladze's etymological dictionaries of Kartvelian languages, based on Иллич-Свитыч
^ Starostin, S. A. (2007) “Subgrouping of Nostratic: comments on Aharon Dolgopolsky's «The Nostratic Macrofamily and Linguistic Paleontology»”, in Starostin, G. S., editor, Trudy po jazykoznaniju (in Russian), Moscow: Jazyki slavjanskix kulʹtur, →ISBN, page 762
^ Starostin, S. A. (2007) “Problema genetičeskovo rodstva i klassifikacii kavkazskix jazykov s točki zrenija bazisnoj leksiki”, in Starostin, G. S., editor, Trudy po jazykoznaniju (in Russian), Moscow: Jazyki slavjanskix kulʹtur, →ISBN, page 539, remarking that the etymology of the Svan word is uncertain and that no Proto-Kartvelian form is reconstructible
Kajaia, Otar (2005) “კალმახი”, in Megrul-kartuli leksiḳoni , online version prepared by Joost Gippert, Frankfurt am Main, published 2001–2004, page 661
Kipšidze, Iosif (1914) “კალმახი”, in Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 7) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 251b
Ġapʻancʻyan, Grigor (1961) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun. Hin šrǰan (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 89