ᚦᛡᛁᛡᛉ

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Proto-Norse

Etymology

From earlier *ᚦᚨᛁᛃᛟᛉ (*þaijoʀ /⁠þaijōʀ⁠/), formed from masculine nominative plural *ᚦᚨᛁᛉ (*þaiʀ), suffixed with the feminine ending *-ᛟᛉ (*-oʀ /⁠ōʀ⁠/).[1] Compare *ᛏᚹᚨᛁᛃᛟᛉ f (*twaijoʀ /⁠twaijōʀ⁠/) and ᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟᛉ f (þrijoʀ /⁠þrijōʀ⁠/, three), formed in the same way. Presumably displaced the reflex of Proto-Germanic *þôz, feminine nominative/accusative plural of *sa (that) (whence Gothic 𐌸𐍉𐍃 (þōs)).

Pronoun

ᚦᛡᛁᛡᛉ (þᴀiᴀʀ /þaiaʀ/) (feminine nominative/accusative plural) (Transitional Period)

  1. they, these
    • c. 550 CE – 650 CE, Istaby stone :
      ᛡᚠᚨᛏᛉᚺᛡᚱᛁᚹᚢᛚᚨᚠᚨ ¶ ᚺᛡᚦᚢᚹᚢᛚᚨᚠᛉᚺᛡᛖᚱᚢᚹᚢᛚᚨᚠᛁᛉ ¶ ᚹᚨᚱᛡᛁᛏᚱᚢᚾᛡᛉᚦᛡᛁᛡᛉ
      ᴀfatʀhᴀriwulafa ¶ hᴀþuwulafʀhᴀeruwulafiʀ ¶ warᴀitrunᴀʀþᴀiᴀʀ
      /afᵃtr Hariwulᵃfa, Haþuwulᵃfʀ Heeruwulᵃfīʀ, wᵃrait rūnaʀ þaiaʀ/
      In memory of Hariwulfʀ, Haþuwulfʀ, the descendant of Heruwulfʀ, wrote these runes.

Descendants

Descendants of this word rhyme with those of *ᛏᚹᚨᛁᛃᛟᛉ (*twaijoʀ) in all older North Germanic varieties.

  • Old West Norse: þær
  • Old East Norse: þáʀ, ᚦᛆᛧ
  • Old Gutnish: þar

References

  1. ^ Elmer H., Antonsen (1975) A Concise Grammar of the Older Runic Inscriptions, Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, →ISBN, page 84