ἀνά

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See also: ΑΝΑ, ανά, ανα-, ἀνα-, and Appendix:Variations of "ana"

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *aná. Beekes' derivation from *h₂en- (“up, on high”) doesn't explain the second syllable.[1] LIPP reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *áno (“up, over, along”).[2] For /o/ > /a/ a vowel harmony is posited, cf. παρά (pará), κατά (katá), ἄντα (ánta), μάλα (mála), σάφα (sápha), θαμά (thamá). For the stress shift, an analogy with other prepositions. Cognates include Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬀 (ana), Latin an- (“up”) in an-hēlō (“to gasp”), an-testor (“to call up as a witness”)[3], and English on.

The genitive is an innovated Greek associative. The dative is from the PIE locative. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional.

Pronunciation

 

Preposition

ᾰ̓νᾰ́ • (aná) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

  1. (rare) on board
  2. (of location) on, upon
    1. up, upwards, along
    2. in sequence, each, throughout
    3. up to
    4. (of amounts) at a rate, speed, or price of, for
    5. (of time) translatable with an adverbial noun phrase
      ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν ― anà pâsan hēméran ― every day
      ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος ― anà pân étos ― every year

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Greek: ανά (aná)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀνά”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97
  2. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 50-1
  3. ^ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938) “1. an-”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 43

Further reading

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