ἐγκέφαλος
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See also: εγκέφαλος
Ancient Greek
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Etymology
From ἐν- (en-, “in”) + κεφᾰλή (kephălḗ, “head”) + -ος (-os).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /eŋ.ké.pʰa.los/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /eŋˈke.pʰa.los/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /eɲˈɟe.ɸa.los/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /eɲˈɟe.fa.los/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /eɲˈɟe.fa.los/
Adjective
ἐγκέφᾰλος • (enképhălos) m or f (neuter ἐγκέφᾰλον); second declension
- inside the head
Inflection
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
| Nominative | ἐγκέφᾰλος enképhălos |
ἐγκέφᾰλον enképhălon |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λω enkephắlō |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λω enkephắlō |
ἐγκέφᾰλοι enképhăloi |
ἐγκέφᾰλᾰ enképhălă | ||||||||
| Genitive | ἐγκεφᾰ́λου enkephắlou |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λου enkephắlou |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λοιν enkephắloin |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λοιν enkephắloin |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λων enkephắlōn |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λων enkephắlōn | ||||||||
| Dative | ἐγκεφᾰ́λῳ enkephắlōi |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λῳ enkephắlōi |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λοιν enkephắloin |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λοιν enkephắloin |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λοις enkephắlois |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λοις enkephắlois | ||||||||
| Accusative | ἐγκέφᾰλον enképhălon |
ἐγκέφᾰλον enképhălon |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λω enkephắlō |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λω enkephắlō |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λους enkephắlous |
ἐγκέφᾰλᾰ enképhălă | ||||||||
| Vocative | ἐγκέφᾰλε enképhăle |
ἐγκέφᾰλον enképhălon |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λω enkephắlō |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λω enkephắlō |
ἐγκέφᾰλοι enképhăloi |
ἐγκέφᾰλᾰ enképhălă | ||||||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| ἐγκεφᾰ́λως enkephắlōs |
ἐγκεφᾰλώτερος enkephălṓteros |
ἐγκεφᾰλώτᾰτος enkephălṓtătos | ||||||||||||
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Noun
ἐγκέφᾰλος • (enképhălos) m (genitive ἐγκεφᾰ́λου); second declension
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ ἐγκέφᾰλος ho enképhălos |
τὼ ἐγκεφᾰ́λω tṑ enkephắlō |
οἱ ἐγκέφᾰλοι hoi enképhăloi | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ ἐγκεφᾰ́λου toû enkephắlou |
τοῖν ἐγκεφᾰ́λοιν toîn enkephắloin |
τῶν ἐγκεφᾰ́λων tôn enkephắlōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ ἐγκεφᾰ́λῳ tôi enkephắlōi |
τοῖν ἐγκεφᾰ́λοιν toîn enkephắloin |
τοῖς ἐγκεφᾰ́λοις toîs enkephắlois | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν ἐγκέφᾰλον tòn enképhălon |
τὼ ἐγκεφᾰ́λω tṑ enkephắlō |
τοὺς ἐγκεφᾰ́λους toùs enkephắlous | ||||||||||
| Vocative | ἐγκέφᾰλε enképhăle |
ἐγκεφᾰ́λω enkephắlō |
ἐγκέφᾰλοι enképhăloi | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
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Derived terms
- πᾰρεγκεφᾰλῐ́ς (părenkephălĭ́s)
- Διὸς ἐγκέφαλος (Diòs enképhalos, “rare and costly food”) (literally: Zeus' brain)
Descendants
- → Coptic: ⲁⲛⲅⲉⲫⲁⲗⲟⲥ (angephalos)
Further reading
- “ἐγκέφαλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐγκέφαλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἐγκέφαλος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἐγκέφαλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἐγκέφαλος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἐγκέφαλος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
- “ἐγκέφαλος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.