Possible Greek relations, even if ruled out by Beekes as highly unlikely, are the verbal present form ἔθει (éthei), the participle ἔθων (éthōn, “damaging, plaguing; pushing, tossing (?)”) and the nouns ἔθρις (éthris, “castrated ram”), ἔθειρα (étheira, “horses' hair, mane”). The lemma could be an old lengthened grade of one of the underlying roots. Compare ὄθομαι (óthomai, “to show consideration for others, fight shy of”), only used with a negative particle, ὄθη (óthē, “worry, care, fear, consideration”) and νωθρός (nōthrós, “sluggish, slothful”).
Taking in account Avestan vādāiiōi (“he may push back”) and Sanskrit ávadhīt (“he killed”) as well as Hittite ḫuett-tta(ri) (“to draw, pull”), Beekes constructed a root Proto-Indo-European *h₂wedʰh₁-, whence an iterative *h₂wodʰh₁-éye-. Mark that also ἔθρις (éthris) seems to be cognate to Sanskrit वध्रि (vádhri, “castrate”), and thus to वध् (vadh, “to kill, destroy ”).
Others have proposed Sanskrit ऊहति (ūhati, “push, thrust”) as cognate.
ὠθέω • (ōthéō)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὠθέω | ὠθέεις | ὠθέει | ὠθέετον | ὠθέετον | ὠθέομεν | ὠθέετε | ὠθέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ὠθέω | ὠθέῃς | ὠθέῃ | ὠθέητον | ὠθέητον | ὠθέωμεν | ὠθέητε | ὠθέωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ὠθέοιμῐ | ὠθέοις | ὠθέοι | ὠθέοιτον | ὠθεοίτην | ὠθέοιμεν | ὠθέοιτε | ὠθέοιεν | |||||
imperative | ὤθεε | ὠθεέτω | ὠθέετον | ὠθεέτων | ὠθέετε | ὠθεόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ὠθέομαι | ὠθέῃ, ὠθέει |
ὠθέεται | ὠθέεσθον | ὠθέεσθον | ὠθεόμεθᾰ | ὠθέεσθε | ὠθέονται | ||||
subjunctive | ὠθέωμαι | ὠθέῃ | ὠθέηται | ὠθέησθον | ὠθέησθον | ὠθεώμεθᾰ | ὠθέησθε | ὠθέωνται | |||||
optative | ὠθεοίμην | ὠθέοιο | ὠθέοιτο | ὠθέοισθον | ὠθεοίσθην | ὠθεοίμεθᾰ | ὠθέοισθε | ὠθέοιντο | |||||
imperative | ὠθέου | ὠθεέσθω | ὠθέεσθον | ὠθεέσθων | ὠθέεσθε | ὠθεέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ὠθέειν | ὠθέεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ὠθέων | ὠθεόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ὠθέουσᾰ | ὠθεομένη | |||||||||||
n | ὠθέον | ὠθεόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὠθῶ | ὠθεῖς | ὠθεῖ | ὠθεῖτον | ὠθεῖτον | ὠθοῦμεν | ὠθεῖτε | ὠθοῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ὠθῶ | ὠθῇς | ὠθῇ | ὠθῆτον | ὠθῆτον | ὠθῶμεν | ὠθῆτε | ὠθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ὠθοίην, ὠθοῖμῐ |
ὠθοίης, ὠθοῖς |
ὠθοίη, ὠθοῖ |
ὠθοῖτον, ὠθοίητον |
ὠθοίτην, ὠθοιήτην |
ὠθοῖμεν, ὠθοίημεν |
ὠθοῖτε, ὠθοίητε |
ὠθοῖεν, ὠθοίησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ὤθει | ὠθείτω | ὠθεῖτον | ὠθείτων | ὠθεῖτε | ὠθούντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ὠθοῦμαι | ὠθεῖ, ὠθῇ |
ὠθεῖται | ὠθεῖσθον | ὠθεῖσθον | ὠθούμεθᾰ | ὠθεῖσθε | ὠθοῦνται | ||||
subjunctive | ὠθῶμαι | ὠθῇ | ὠθῆται | ὠθῆσθον | ὠθῆσθον | ὠθώμεθᾰ | ὠθῆσθε | ὠθῶνται | |||||
optative | ὠθοίμην | ὠθοῖο | ὠθοῖτο | ὠθοῖσθον | ὠθοίσθην | ὠθοίμεθᾰ | ὠθοῖσθε | ὠθοῖντο | |||||
imperative | ὠθοῦ | ὠθείσθω | ὠθεῖσθον | ὠθείσθων | ὠθεῖσθε | ὠθείσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ὠθεῖν | ὠθεῖσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ὠθῶν | ὠθούμενος | ||||||||||
f | ὠθοῦσᾰ | ὠθουμένη | |||||||||||
n | ὠθοῦν | ὠθούμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐώθεον | ἐώθεες | ἐώθεε(ν) | ἐωθέετον | ἐωθεέτην | ἐωθέομεν | ἐωθέετε | ἐώθεον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐωθεόμην | ἐωθέου | ἐωθέετο | ἐωθέεσθον | ἐωθεέσθην | ἐωθεόμεθᾰ | ἐωθέεσθε | ἐωθέοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐώθουν | ἐώθεις | ἐώθει | ἐωθεῖτον | ἐωθείτην | ἐωθοῦμεν | ἐωθεῖτε | ἐώθουν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐωθούμην | ἐωθοῦ | ἐωθεῖτο | ἐωθεῖσθον | ἐωθείσθην | ἐωθούμεθᾰ | ἐωθεῖσθε | ἐωθοῦντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὤθεον | ὤθεες | ὤθεε(ν) | ὠθέετον | ὠθεέτην | ὠθέομεν | ὠθέετε | ὤθεον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ὠθεόμην | ὠθέου | ὠθέετο | ὠθέεσθον | ὠθεέσθην | ὠθεόμε(σ)θᾰ | ὠθέεσθε | ὠθέοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὤθευν | ὤθεις | ὤθει | ὠθεῖτον | ὠθείτην | ὠθεῦμεν | ὠθεῖτε | ὤθευν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ὠθεύμην | ὠθεῖο/ὠθέο | ὠθεῖτο | ὠθεῖσθον | ὠθείσθην | ὠθεύμε(σ)θᾰ | ὠθεῖσθε | ὠθεῦντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὤθεσκον | ὤθεσκες | ὤθεσκε(ν) | ὠθέσκετον | ὠθεσκέτην | ὠθέσκομεν | ὠθέσκετε | ὤθεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ὠθεσκόμην | ὠθέσκου | ὠθέσκετο | ὠθέσκεσθον | ὠθεσκέσθην | ὠθεσκόμεθᾰ | ὠθέσκεσθε | ὠθέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὠθήσω | ὠθήσεις | ὠθήσει | ὠθήσετον | ὠθήσετον | ὠθήσομεν | ὠθήσετε | ὠθήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ὠθήσοιμῐ | ὠθήσοις | ὠθήσοι | ὠθήσοιτον | ὠθησοίτην | ὠθήσοιμεν | ὠθήσοιτε | ὠθήσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ὠθήσομαι | ὠθήσῃ, ὠθήσει |
ὠθήσεται | ὠθήσεσθον | ὠθήσεσθον | ὠθησόμεθᾰ | ὠθήσεσθε | ὠθήσονται | ||||
optative | ὠθησοίμην | ὠθήσοιο | ὠθήσοιτο | ὠθήσοισθον | ὠθησοίσθην | ὠθησοίμεθᾰ | ὠθήσοισθε | ὠθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ὠθήσειν | ὠθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ὠθήσων | ὠθησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ὠθήσουσᾰ | ὠθησομένη | |||||||||||
n | ὠθῆσον | ὠθησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὤσω | ὤσεις | ὤσει | ὤσετον | ὤσετον | ὤσομεν | ὤσετε | ὤσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ὤσοιμῐ | ὤσοις | ὤσοι | ὤσοιτον | ὠσοίτην | ὤσοιμεν | ὤσοιτε | ὤσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ὤσομαι | ὤσῃ, ὤσει |
ὤσεται | ὤσεσθον | ὤσεσθον | ὠσόμεθᾰ | ὤσεσθε | ὤσονται | ||||
optative | ὠσοίμην | ὤσοιο | ὤσοιτο | ὤσοισθον | ὠσοίσθην | ὠσοίμεθᾰ | ὤσοισθε | ὤσοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ὠσθήσομαι | ὠσθήσῃ | ὠσθήσεται | ὠσθήσεσθον | ὠσθήσεσθον | ὠσθησόμεθᾰ | ὠσθήσεσθε | ὠσθήσονται | ||||
optative | ὠσθησοίμην | ὠσθήσοιο | ὠσθήσοιτο | ὠσθήσοισθον | ὠσθησοίσθην | ὠσθησοίμεθᾰ | ὠσθήσοισθε | ὠσθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | ὤσειν | ὤσεσθαι | ὠσθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | ὤσων | ὠσόμενος | ὠσθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | ὤσουσᾰ | ὠσομένη | ὠσθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | ὦσον | ὠσόμενον | ὠσθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ὤσω | ὤσεις | ὤσει | ὤσετον | ὤσετον | ὤσομεν | ὤσετε | ὤσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ὤσοιμῐ | ὤσοισ(θᾰ) | ὤσοι | ὤσοιτον | ὠσοίτην | ὤσοιμεν | ὤσοιτε | ὤσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ὤσομαι | ὤσεαι | ὤσεται | ὤσεσθον | ὤσεσθον | ὠσόμε(σ)θᾰ | ὤσεσθε | ὤσονται | ||||
optative | ὠσοίμην | ὤσοιο | ὤσοιτο | ὤσοισθον | ὠσοίσθην | ὠσοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ὤσοισθε | ὠσοίᾰτο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ὤσειν/ὠσέμεν(αι)/ὠσμέναι | ὤσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ὤσων | ὠσόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ὤσουσᾰ | ὠσομένη | |||||||||||
n | ὦσον | ὠσόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐώκειν, ἐώκη |
ἐώκεις, ἐώκης |
ἐώκει(ν) | ἐώκετον | ἐωκέτην | ἐώκεμεν | ἐώκετε | ἐώκεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|