ὤψ

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *ókʷs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃ekʷ-. See also ὄψ (óps).

Pronunciation

 

Noun

ὤψ • (ṓps) f (genitive ὠπός); third declension

  1. (the phrase εἰς ὦπα (eis ôpa), in Homer and Hesiod) to the eye; (possibly) in the face
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.158:
      αἰνῶς ἀθανάτῃσι θεῇς εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν
      ainôs athanátēisi theêis eis ôpa éoiken
      To the eye she looks astonishingly like the immortal goddesses.
  2. (rarely in other forms) eye
    Synonym: ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós)
    • 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 409c:
      Σωκράτης ὁ μὲν “μεὶς” ἀπὸ τοῦ μειοῦσθαι εἴη ἂν “μείης” ὀρθῶς κεκλημένος, τὰ δ’ “ἄστρα” ἔοικε τῆς ἀστραπῆς ἐπωνυμίαν ἔχειν. ἡ δὲ “ἀστραπή”, ὅτι τὰ ὦπα ἀναστρέφει, “ἀναστρωπὴ” ἂν εἴη, νῦν δὲ “ἀστραπὴ” καλλωπισθεῖσα κέκληται.
      Sōkrátēs ho mèn “meìs” apò toû meioûsthai eíē àn “meíēs” orthôs keklēménos, tà d’ “ástra” éoike tês astrapês epōnumían ékhein. hē dè “astrapḗ”, hóti tà ôpa anastréphei, “anastrōpḕ” àn eíē, nûn dè “astrapḕ” kallōpistheîsa kéklētai.
      • 1903 translation by John Burnet
        The word “month” (μείς) would be properly pronounced μείης, from μειοῦσθαι, “to grow less,” and I think the stars (ἄστερα) get their name from ἀστραπή (lightning). But ἀστραπή, because it turns our eyes upwards (τὰ ὦπα ἀναστρέφει), would be called ἀναστρωπή, which is now pronounced more prettily ἀστραπή.

Inflection

Third declension of ἡ ὤψ; τῆς ὠπός (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ ὤψ
hē ṓps 		τὼ ὦπε
tṑ ôpe 		αἱ ὦπες
hai ôpes
Genitive τῆς ὠπός
tês ōpós 		τοῖν ὠποῖν
toîn ōpoîn 		τῶν ὠπῶν
tôn ōpôn
Dative τῇ ὠπῐ́
têi ōpí 		τοῖν ὠποῖν
toîn ōpoîn 		ταῖς ὠψῐ́ / ὠψῐ́ν
taîs ōpsí(n)
Accusative τὴν ὦπᾰ
tḕn ôpa 		τὼ ὦπε
tṑ ôpe 		τᾱ̀ς ὦπᾰς
tā̀s ôpas
Vocative ὤψ
ṓps 		ὦπε
ôpe 		ὦπες
ôpes
Notes:

Derived terms

References

  • “ὤψ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ὤψ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ὤψ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • (no entry for the specified headword) Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • J. B. Hofmann, Ετυμολογικόν Λεξικόν της Αρχαίας Ελληνικής (Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Griechischen)
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 775
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