ῥίπτω

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Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *wreyp-, *wriHp- and compared with Proto-West Germanic *wrīban (“to rub, wipe”);[1] however, Beekes notes a non-trivial semantic gap between the Hellenic and Germanic terms, as well as the Indo-European proto-form *wriHp- having a rather strange structure, and prefers to derive the Greek word from Pre-Greek. Possibly connected to ῥίψ (rhíps, “mat, wickerwork”).[2]

The present tense system includes a T progressive aspect marker.

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ῥῑ́πτω • (rhī́ptō)

  1. (transitive) to throw, cast, hurl
  2. (transitive) to throw or toss around
  3. (transitive) to throw out of a place
  4. (transitive) to cast or throw off or away (arms, clothes, and so on)
  5. (figuratively, transitive) to hurl (words); to waste them
  6. (transitive) to throw down

Conjugation

   Present: ῥῑ́πτω, ῥῑ́πτομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ῥῑ́πτω ῥῑ́πτεις ῥῑ́πτει ῥῑ́πτετον ῥῑ́πτετον ῥῑ́πτομεν ῥῑ́πτετε ῥῑ́πτουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ῥῑ́πτω ῥῑ́πτῃς ῥῑ́πτῃ ῥῑ́πτητον ῥῑ́πτητον ῥῑ́πτωμεν ῥῑ́πτητε ῥῑ́πτωσῐ(ν)
optative ῥῑ́πτοιμῐ ῥῑ́πτοις ῥῑ́πτοι ῥῑ́πτοιτον ῥῑπτοίτην ῥῑ́πτοιμεν ῥῑ́πτοιτε ῥῑ́πτοιεν
imperative   ῥῖπτε ῥῑπτέτω ῥῑ́πτετον ῥῑπτέτων   ῥῑ́πτετε ῥῑπτόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative ῥῑ́πτομαι ῥῑ́πτῃ,
ῥῑ́πτει 		ῥῑ́πτεται ῥῑ́πτεσθον ῥῑ́πτεσθον ῥῑπτόμεθᾰ ῥῑ́πτεσθε ῥῑ́πτονται
subjunctive ῥῑ́πτωμαι ῥῑ́πτῃ ῥῑ́πτηται ῥῑ́πτησθον ῥῑ́πτησθον ῥῑπτώμεθᾰ ῥῑ́πτησθε ῥῑ́πτωνται
optative ῥῑπτοίμην ῥῑ́πτοιο ῥῑ́πτοιτο ῥῑ́πτοισθον ῥῑπτοίσθην ῥῑπτοίμεθᾰ ῥῑ́πτοισθε ῥῑ́πτοιντο
imperative   ῥῑ́πτου ῥῑπτέσθω ῥῑ́πτεσθον ῥῑπτέσθων   ῥῑ́πτεσθε ῥῑπτέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ῥῑ́πτειν ῥῑ́πτεσθαι
participle m ῥῑ́πτων ῥῑπτόμενος
f ῥῑ́πτουσᾰ ῥῑπτομένη
n ῥῖπτον ῥῑπτόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ῥῑ́πτασκον (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ῥῑ́πτασκον ῥῑ́πτασκες ῥῑ́πτασκε(ν) ῥῑπτάσκετον ῥῑπτασκέτην ῥῑπτάσκομεν ῥῑπτάσκετε ῥῑ́πτασκον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ῥῑ́πτεσκον (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ῥῑ́πτεσκον ῥῑ́πτεσκες ῥῑ́πτεσκε(ν) ῥῑπτέσκετον ῥῑπτεσκέτην ῥῑπτέσκομεν ῥῑπτέσκετε ῥῑ́πτεσκον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ῥῑ́ψω, ῥῑφθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ῥῑ́ψω ῥῑ́ψεις ῥῑ́ψει ῥῑ́ψετον ῥῑ́ψετον ῥῑ́ψομεν ῥῑ́ψετε ῥῑ́ψουσῐ(ν)
optative ῥῑ́ψοιμῐ ῥῑ́ψοις ῥῑ́ψοι ῥῑ́ψοιτον ῥῑψοίτην ῥῑ́ψοιμεν ῥῑ́ψοιτε ῥῑ́ψοιεν
passive indicative ῥῑφθήσομαι ῥῑφθήσῃ ῥῑφθήσεται ῥῑφθήσεσθον ῥῑφθήσεσθον ῥῑφθησόμεθᾰ ῥῑφθήσεσθε ῥῑφθήσονται
optative ῥῑφθησοίμην ῥῑφθήσοιο ῥῑφθήσοιτο ῥῑφθήσοισθον ῥῑφθησοίσθην ῥῑφθησοίμεθᾰ ῥῑφθήσοισθε ῥῑφθήσοιντο
active passive
infinitive ῥῑ́ψειν ῥῑφθήσεσθαι
participle m ῥῑ́ψων ῥῑφθησόμενος
f ῥῑ́ψουσᾰ ῥῑφθησομένη
n ῥῖψον ῥῑφθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ῥῐφήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ῥῐφήσομαι ῥῐφήσῃ,
ῥῐφήσει 		ῥῐφήσεται ῥῐφήσεσθον ῥῐφήσεσθον ῥῐφησόμεθᾰ ῥῐφήσεσθε ῥῐφήσονται
optative ῥῐφησοίμην ῥῐφήσοιο ῥῐφήσοιτο ῥῐφήσοισθον ῥῐφησοίσθην ῥῐφησοίμεθᾰ ῥῐφήσοισθε ῥῐφήσοιντο
middle
infinitive ῥῐφήσεσθαι
participle m ῥῐφησόμενος
f ῥῐφησομένη
n ῥῐφησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔρρῑψᾰ, ἐρρῑψᾰ́μην, ἐρρῑ́φθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔρρῑψᾰ ἔρρῑψᾰς ἔρρῑψε(ν) ἐρρῑ́ψᾰτον ἐρρῑψᾰ́την ἐρρῑ́ψᾰμεν ἐρρῑ́ψᾰτε ἔρρῑψᾰν
subjunctive ῥῑ́ψω ῥῑ́ψῃς ῥῑ́ψῃ ῥῑ́ψητον ῥῑ́ψητον ῥῑ́ψωμεν ῥῑ́ψητε ῥῑ́ψωσῐ(ν)
optative ῥῑ́ψαιμῐ ῥῑ́ψειᾰς,
ῥῑ́ψαις 		ῥῑ́ψειε(ν),
ῥῑ́ψαι 		ῥῑ́ψαιτον ῥῑψαίτην ῥῑ́ψαιμεν ῥῑ́ψαιτε ῥῑ́ψειᾰν,
ῥῑ́ψαιεν
imperative   ῥῖψον ῥῑψᾰ́τω ῥῑ́ψᾰτον ῥῑψᾰ́των   ῥῑ́ψᾰτε ῥῑψᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐρρῑψᾰ́μην ἐρρῑ́ψω ἐρρῑ́ψᾰτο ἐρρῑ́ψᾰσθον ἐρρῑψᾰ́σθην ἐρρῑψᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐρρῑ́ψᾰσθε ἐρρῑ́ψᾰντο
subjunctive ῥῑ́ψωμαι ῥῑ́ψῃ ῥῑ́ψηται ῥῑ́ψησθον ῥῑ́ψησθον ῥῑψώμεθᾰ ῥῑ́ψησθε ῥῑ́ψωνται
optative ῥῑψαίμην ῥῑ́ψαιο ῥῑ́ψαιτο ῥῑ́ψαισθον ῥῑψαίσθην ῥῑψαίμεθᾰ ῥῑ́ψαισθε ῥῑ́ψαιντο
imperative   ῥῖψαι ῥῑψᾰ́σθω ῥῑ́ψᾰσθον ῥῑψᾰ́σθων   ῥῑ́ψᾰσθε ῥῑψᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐρρῑ́φθην ἐρρῑ́φθης ἐρρῑ́φθη ἐρρῑ́φθητον ἐρρῑφθήτην ἐρρῑ́φθημεν ἐρρῑ́φθητε ἐρρῑ́φθησᾰν
subjunctive ῥῑφθῶ ῥῑφθῇς ῥῑφθῇ ῥῑφθῆτον ῥῑφθῆτον ῥῑφθῶμεν ῥῑφθῆτε ῥῑφθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ῥῑφθείην ῥῑφθείης ῥῑφθείη ῥῑφθεῖτον,
ῥῑφθείητον 		ῥῑφθείτην,
ῥῑφθειήτην 		ῥῑφθεῖμεν,
ῥῑφθείημεν 		ῥῑφθεῖτε,
ῥῑφθείητε 		ῥῑφθεῖεν,
ῥῑφθείησᾰν
imperative   ῥῑ́φθητῐ ῥῑφθήτω ῥῑ́φθητον ῥῑφθήτων   ῥῑ́φθητε ῥῑφθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive ῥῖψαι ῥῑ́ψᾰσθαι ῥῑφθῆναι
participle m ῥῑ́ψᾱς ῥῑψᾰ́μενος ῥῑφθείς
f ῥῑ́ψᾱσᾰ ῥῑψᾰμένη ῥῑφθεῖσᾰ
n ῥῖψᾰν ῥῑψᾰ́μενον ῥῑφθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐρρῐ́φην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
passive indicative ἐρρῐ́φην ἐρρῐ́φης ἐρρῐ́φη ἐρρῐ́φητον ἐρρῐφήτην ἐρρῐ́φημεν ἐρρῐ́φητε ἐρρῐ́φησᾰν
subjunctive ῥῐφῶ ῥῐφῇς ῥῐφῇ ῥῐφῆτον ῥῐφῆτον ῥῐφῶμεν ῥῐφῆτε ῥῐφῶσῐ(ν)
optative ῥῐφείην ῥῐφείης ῥῐφείη ῥῐφεῖτον,
ῥῐφείητον 		ῥῐφείτην,
ῥῐφειήτην 		ῥῐφεῖμεν,
ῥῐφείημεν 		ῥῐφεῖτε,
ῥῐφείητε 		ῥῐφεῖεν,
ῥῐφείησᾰν
imperative   ῥῐ́φηθῐ ῥῐφήτω ῥῐ́φητον ῥῐφήτων   ῥῐ́φητε ῥῐφέντων
passive
infinitive ῥῐφῆναι
participle m ῥῐφείς
f ῥῐφεῖσᾰ
n ῥῐφέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ῥῖψᾰ (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ῥῖψᾰ ῥῖψᾰς ῥῖψε(ν) ῥῑ́ψᾰτον ῥῑψᾰ́την ῥῑ́ψᾰμεν ῥῑ́ψᾰτε ῥῖψᾰν
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: ἔρρῑφᾰ, ἔρρῑμμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔρρῑφᾰ ἔρρῑφᾰς ἔρρῑφε(ν) ἐρρῑ́φᾰτον ἐρρῑ́φᾰτον ἐρρῑ́φᾰμεν ἐρρῑ́φᾰτε ἐρρῑ́φᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἐρρῑ́φω ἐρρῑ́φῃς ἐρρῑ́φῃ ἐρρῑ́φητον ἐρρῑ́φητον ἐρρῑ́φωμεν ἐρρῑ́φητε ἐρρῑ́φωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρρῑ́φοιμῐ,
ἐρρῑφοίην 		ἐρρῑ́φοις,
ἐρρῑφοίης 		ἐρρῑ́φοι,
ἐρρῑφοίη 		ἐρρῑ́φοιτον ἐρρῑφοίτην ἐρρῑ́φοιμεν ἐρρῑ́φοιτε ἐρρῑ́φοιεν
imperative   ἔρρῑφε ἐρρῑφέτω ἐρρῑ́φετον ἐρρῑφέτων   ἐρρῑ́φετε ἐρρῑφόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative ἔρρῑμμαι ἔρρῑψαι ἔρρῑπται ἔρρῑφθον ἔρρῑφθον ἐρρῑ́μμεθᾰ ἔρρῑφθε ἐρρῑ́πᾰται
subjunctive ἐρρῑμμένος ὦ ἐρρῑμμένος ᾖς ἐρρῑμμένος ᾖ ἐρρῑμμένω ἦτον ἐρρῑμμένω ἦτον ἐρρῑμμένοι ὦμεν ἐρρῑμμένοι ἦτε ἐρρῑμμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρρῑμμένος εἴην ἐρρῑμμένος εἴης ἐρρῑμμένος εἴη ἐρρῑμμένω εἴητον/εἶτον ἐρρῑμμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην ἐρρῑμμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν ἐρρῑμμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε ἐρρῑμμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   ἔρρῑψο ἐρρῑ́φθω ἔρρῑφθον ἐρρῑ́φθων   ἔρρῑφθε ἐρρῑ́φθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἐρρῑφέναι ἐρρῖφθαι
participle m ἐρρῑφώς ἐρρῑμμένος
f ἐρρῑφυῖᾰ ἐρρῑμμένη
n ἐρρῑφός ἐρρῑμμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐρρῑ́μμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐρρῑ́μμην ἔρρῑψο ἔρρῑπτο ἔρρῑφθον ἐρρῑ́φθην ἐρρῑ́μμεθᾰ ἔρρῑφθε ἐρρῑ́πᾰτο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1159
  2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥίπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1287-8

Further reading

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