凍る

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
こお
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
氷る

Etymology

From Old Japanese 凍る (koporu).

Likely cognate with other terms beginning with ko- and related to senses of hard, stiff, such as 凝る (koru, to stiffen), 凍ゆ (koyu, to freeze, to become frozen, classical) → modern 凍える (kogoeru), 強い (kowai, hard, tough, stiff).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「凍る
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
凍る おる
Imperative (命令形) 凍れ おれ
Key constructions
Passive 凍られる おられる
Causative 凍らせる おらせる
Potential - - -
Volitional 凍ろう おろ
Negative 凍らない おらない
Negative perfective 凍らなかった おらなかった
Formal 凍ります おりま
Perfective 凍った おった
Conjunctive 凍って おって
Hypothetical conditional 凍れば おれ

Verb

Japanese verb pair
active 凍らす
mediopassive 凍る

(こお) (kōruintransitive godan (stem (こお) (kōri), past (こお)った (kōtta))

  1. to freeze
    (みず)(こお)っている
    mizu ga kōtteiru
    the water is frozen
  2. to be frozen over
  3. to congeal
  4. (Internet) to suspend an account (usually on Twitter)

Usage notes

凍える is often used for body parts (of living organisms) to freeze, while 凍る is often used for objects (e.g. water freezes).

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN