匈奴

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Chinese

Hungary; thorax; chest slave
trad. (匈奴) 匈 奴
simp. #(匈奴) 匈 奴
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Etymology

Schuessler (2014) reconstructs its 318 BCE pronunciation as *hoŋ-nâ and later *hɨoŋ-nɑ, which he suggests to be a Han or pre-Han transcription of foreign *Hŏna or *Hŭna, which may be connected to Sanskrit हूण (hūṇa), Huns, Latin Hunni, Ancient Greek Οὗννοι (Hoûnnoi) (ibid.; Pulleyblank, 2000).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 匈 奴
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 鍾 (7) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 許容切 乃都切
Baxter xjowng nu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hɨoŋ/ /nuo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hioŋ/ /nuo/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xioŋ/ /no/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/huawŋ/ /nɔ/
Li
Rong 		/xioŋ/ /no/
Wang
Li 		/xĭwoŋ/ /nu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xi̯woŋ/ /nuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiōng nú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hung1 nou4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 奴
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		nú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nu ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nˁa/
English slave

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 匈 奴
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 13890 9600
Phonetic
component 		凶 女
Rime
group 		東 魚
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		胷 奴
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰoŋ/ /*naː/
Notes 説文胷字見集韻

Proper noun

匈奴

  1. (historical) Xiongnu (ancient nomadic-based people that formed a state or confederation north of the agriculture-based empire of the Han dynasty)

Synonyms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (匈奴):
  • → English: Xiongnu
  • → Russian: сю́нну (sjúnnu), сюнну́ (sjunnú)

    • Japanese

    Kanji in this term
    匈 奴
    きょう
    Hyōgai     		ど
    Grade: S
    on'yomi
    Kanji in this term
    匈 奴
    Hyōgai Grade: S
    irregular

    Etymology 1

    Proper noun

    匈(きょう)奴(ど) • (Kyōdo) 

    1. The Xiongnu peoples, the Huns

    Etymology 2

    Proper noun

    匈奴(フンヌ) or 匈奴(フン) • (Funnu or Fun) 

    1. Hun

    Korean

    Hanja in this term
    匈奴

    Proper noun

    匈奴 • (Hyungno) (hangeul 흉노)

    1. hanja form? of 흉노 (“Xiongnu”)

    Vietnamese

    chữ Hán Nôm in this term
    匈奴

    Proper noun

    匈奴

    1. chữ Hán form of Hung Nô (“Xiongnu”).
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