反芻

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See also: 反刍

Chinese

wrong side out or up; anti-
surname; cut grass; hay
surname; cut grass; hay; straw; fodder
 
trad. (反芻) 反 芻
simp. (反刍) 反 刍
alternative forms 反蒭

Pronunciation

Verb

反芻

  1. to ruminate; to chew the cud
  2. (figurative) to meditate on; to mull over (past events)

Synonyms

  • (to ruminate):
Dialectal synonyms of 反芻 (“to ruminate; to chew the cud”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 反芻, 倒嚼, 倒噍
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 反芻, 倒嚼
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 倒噍
Xi'an 倒磨
Xining 倒磨
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 倒磨
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 回嚼
Liuzhou 反草
Cantonese Guangzhou 翻草
Hakka Meixian 倒胲
Huidong (Daling) 倒草
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 翻肚
Changting 倒草
Wuping 倒草
Wuping (Pingyu) 倒草
Liancheng 倒草
Ruijin 倒草
Shicheng 倒草
Shangyou (Shexi) 倒草
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 倒草
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 倒草
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 倒草
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 倒草
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 倒草
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 翻草
Huizhou Jixi 倒草
Jin Xinzhou 倒嚼
Southern Min Xiamen 翻草, 倒噍
Zhangzhou 倒噍
Tainan 翻草
Wu Jinhua 轉嚼

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (反芻):
  • → Japanese: 反芻(はんすう) (hansū)
  • → Korean: 반추(反芻) (banchu)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
反 芻
はん
Grade: 3 		すう
Hyōgai
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
反すう

Pronunciation

Noun

反(はん)芻(すう) • (hansū) 

  1. (of cows, etc...) rumination, regurgitation
  2. (figurative) meditating on, pondering

Verb

反(はん)芻(すう)する • (hansū suru) suru (stem 反(はん)芻(すう)し (hansū shi), past 反(はん)芻(すう)した (hansū shita))

  1. to ruminate, to chew the cud
  2. to meditate on, to think over

Conjugation

Conjugation of "反芻する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 反芻し はんすうし hansū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 反芻し はんすうし hansū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 反芻する はんすうする hansū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 反芻する はんすうする hansū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 反芻すれ はんすうすれ hansū sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 反芻せよ¹
反芻しろ² 		はんすうせよ¹
はんすうしろ² 		hansū seyo¹
hansū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 反芻される はんすうされる hansū sareru
Causative 反芻させる
反芻さす 		はんすうさせる
はんすうさす 		hansū saseru
hansū sasu
Potential 反芻できる はんすうできる hansū dekiru
Volitional 反芻しよう はんすうしよう hansū shiyō
Negative 反芻しない はんすうしない hansū shinai
Negative continuative 反芻せず はんすうせず hansū sezu
Formal 反芻します はんすうします hansū shimasu
Perfective 反芻した はんすうした hansū shita
Conjunctive 反芻して はんすうして hansū shite
Hypothetical conditional 反芻すれば はんすうすれば hansū sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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