変える

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
変
か
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
變える (kyūjitai)
See also かふ

Etymology

From Old Japanese かふ (kapu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

Cognate with 替(か)える (kaeru), 代(か)える (kaeru) and 換(か)える (kaeru).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「変える」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		変える かえる
Imperative (命令形) 変えろ かえろ
Key constructions
Passive 変えられる かえられる
Causative 変えさせる かえさせる
Potential 変えられる かえられる
Volitional 変えよう かえよー
Negative 変えない かえない
Negative perfective 変えなかった かえなかった
Formal 変えます かえます
Perfective 変えた かえた
Conjunctive 変えて かえて
Hypothetical conditional 変えれば かえれば

Verb

変(か)える • (kaeru) ←かへる (kaferu)?transitive ichidan (stem 変(か)え (kae), past 変(か)えた (kaeta))

Japanese verb pair
active 変える
mediopassive 変わる
  1. to change, to make different
    境(きょう)界(かい)は変(か)えられる。
    Kyōkai wa kaerareru.
    Borders are changeable.
    水(みず)は高(こう)温(おん)によって蒸(じょう)気(き)に変(か)えられる。
    Mizu wa kōon ni yotte jōki ni kaerareru.
    Water is changed into vapor by high temperature.
  2. to move or shift to a different time or place
    場(ば)所(しょ)を変(か)える
    basho o kaeru
    move somewhere else

Conjugation

Conjugation of "変える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 変え かえ kae
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 変え かえ kae
Shūshikei ("terminal") 変える かえる kaeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 変える かえる kaeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 変えれ かえれ kaere
Meireikei ("imperative") 変えよ¹
変えろ² 		かえよ¹
かえろ² 		kaeyo¹
kaero²
Key constructions
Passive 変えられる かえられる kaerareru
Causative 変えさせる
変えさす 		かえさせる
かえさす 		kaesaseru
kaesasu
Potential 変えられる
変えれる³ 		かえられる
かえれる³ 		kaerareru
kaereru³
Volitional 変えよう かえよう kaeyō
Negative 変えない
変えぬ
変えん 		かえない
かえぬ
かえん 		kaenai
kaenu
kaen
Negative continuative 変えず かえず kaezu
Formal 変えます かえます kaemasu
Perfective 変えた かえた kaeta
Conjunctive 変えて かえて kaete
Hypothetical conditional 変えれば かえれば kaereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References

  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
  1. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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