曲がる

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
曲
ま
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
曲る (uncommon)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Derived most likely from classical verb 曲ぐ (magu), via fusion of intransitive element -aru.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Needs expansion: refs, defdates, etc.”)

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「曲がる」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		曲がる まがる
Imperative (命令形) 曲がれ まがれ
Key constructions
Passive 曲がられる まがられる
Causative 曲がらせる まがらせる
Potential 曲がれる まがれる
Volitional 曲がろう まがろー
Negative 曲がらない まがらない
Negative perfective 曲がらなかった まがらなかった
Formal 曲がります まがります
Perfective 曲がった まがった
Conjunctive 曲がって まがって
Hypothetical conditional 曲がれば まがれば

Verb

曲(ま)がる • (magaru) intransitive godan (stem 曲(ま)がり (magari), past 曲(ま)がった (magatta))

Japanese verb pair
active 曲げる
mediopassive 曲がる
  1. to bend, to curve, to warp, to wind, to twist
  2. to turn
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      左(ひだり)へ曲(ま)がると直(す)ぐ動物園(どうぶつえん)です
      hidari e magaru to sugu dōbutsuen desu
      When you turn left, the zoo will be right there
  3. to be awry, to be askew, to be crooked

Conjugation

Conjugation of "曲がる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 曲がら まがら magara
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 曲がり まがり magari
Shūshikei ("terminal") 曲がる まがる magaru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 曲がる まがる magaru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 曲がれ まがれ magare
Meireikei ("imperative") 曲がれ まがれ magare
Key constructions
Passive 曲がられる まがられる magarareru
Causative 曲がらせる
曲がらす 		まがらせる
まがらす 		magaraseru
magarasu
Potential 曲がれる まがれる magareru
Volitional 曲がろう まがろう magarō
Negative 曲がらない まがらない magaranai
Negative continuative 曲がらず まがらず magarazu
Formal 曲がります まがります magarimasu
Perfective 曲がった まがった magatta
Conjunctive 曲がって まがって magatte
Hypothetical conditional 曲がれば まがれば magareba
Classical conjugation of "曲がる" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 曲がら まがら magara
Continuative (連用形) 曲がり まがり magari
Terminal (終止形) 曲がる まがる magaru
Attributive (連体形) 曲がる まがる magaru
Realis (已然形) 曲がれ まがれ magare
Imperative (命令形) 曲がれ まがれ magare
Key constructions
Negative 曲がらず まがらず magarazu
Contrasting conjunction 曲がれど まがれど magaredo
Causal conjunction 曲がれば まがれば magareba
Conditional conjunction 曲がらば まがらば magaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 曲がりき まがりき magariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 曲がりけり まがりけり magarikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 曲がりつ まがりつ magaritu
Perfect tense (natural event) 曲がりぬ まがりぬ magarinu
Perfect-continuative tense 曲がれり
曲がりたり		 まがれり
まがりたり		 magareri
magaritari
Volitional 曲がらむ まがらむ magaramu

References

  1. ^ “曲”, in 日本国語大辞典‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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