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硬い. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
硬い, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
硬い in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
硬い you have here. The definition of the word
硬い will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
硬い, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Japanese
Etymology
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「硬い」
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
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| Stem forms
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| Continuative (連用形)
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硬く
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かたく
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| Terminal (終止形)
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硬い
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かたい
かたい
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| Attributive (連体形)
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硬い
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かたい
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| Key constructions
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| Informal negative
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硬くない
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かたくない
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| Informal past
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硬かった
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かたかった
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| Informal negative past
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硬くなかった
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かたくなかった
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| Formal
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硬いです
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かたいです
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| Conjunctive
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硬くて
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かたくて
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| Conditional
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硬ければ
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かたければ
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Adjective
硬い • (katai) -i (adverbial 硬く (kataku))
- Keeping a material's shape that does not crack or break apart; hard.
- その研究所はC６０ナノ・ロッドを使ってダイヤモンドより硬い材料を開発した。
- Sono kenkyūjo wa shī-rokujū nano roddo o tsukatte daiyamondo yori katai zairyō o kaihatsu shita.
- The lab developed a harder material than a diamond by using C60 nano-rods.
- Keeping one's appearance or facial expression; serious.
- 緊張していたのだろうか、彼は硬い表情をして法廷に入ってきた。
- Kinchō shite ita no darō ka, kare wa katai hyōjō o shite hōtei ni haitte kita.
- Perhaps because he was nervous, he entered the courtroom with a serious expression.
Inflection
| Stem forms
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| Imperfective (未然形)
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硬かろ
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かたかろ
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katakaro
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| Continuative (連用形)
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硬く
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かたく
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kataku
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| Terminal (終止形)
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硬い
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かたい
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katai
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| Attributive (連体形)
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硬い
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かたい
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katai
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| Hypothetical (仮定形)
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硬けれ
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かたけれ
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katakere
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| Imperative (命令形)
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硬かれ
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かたかれ
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katakare
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| Key constructions
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| Informal negative
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硬くない
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かたくない
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kataku nai
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| Informal past
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硬かった
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かたかった
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katakatta
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| Informal negative past
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硬くなかった
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かたくなかった
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kataku nakatta
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| Formal
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硬いです
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かたいです
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katai desu
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| Formal negative
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硬くないです
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かたくないです
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kataku nai desu
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| Formal past
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硬かったです
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かたかったです
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katakatta desu
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| Formal negative past
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硬くなかったです
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かたくなかったです
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kataku nakatta desu
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| Conjunctive
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硬くて
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かたくて
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katakute
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| Conditional
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硬ければ
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かたければ
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katakereba
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| Provisional
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硬かったら
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かたかったら
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katakattara
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| Volitional
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硬かろう
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かたかろう
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katakarō
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| Adverbial
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硬く
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かたく
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kataku
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| Degree
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硬さ
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かたさ
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katasa
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Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “keeping a shape”): もろい (moroi)
- (antonym(s) of “keeping an appearance”): 軟らかい (yawarakai)
See also
References